专题三 第2讲 跳出误区，警惕五大失分点（教师用书）-【正禾一本通】2023高考英语高三二轮专题复习高效讲义（新教材）

第2讲　跳出误区，警惕五大失分点 　　　　 一词多义和熟词生义往往是考生容易忽视的地方，很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。解题时考生应该尽可能地跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱” 。 [示例1](2022·全国乙卷)However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably __42__ at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43.exposed． For a long time，this ineffective hiding method... 42．A．clever B．bad C．scared D．quick [错因分析]本题可能会因不明熟词生义而失分。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies...”和下一段首句中ineffective hiding method的提示可知，幼儿园小朋友很不擅长躲藏。be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B。 [示例2](2021·浙江6月卷)My mother is 92.Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her 36.shopping and visit the doctor, providing __37__ and transportation. 37．A．reward B．medicine C．company D．shelter [错因分析]本题可能会因不明一词多义而失分。句意：除非我必须出城，否则每周我都带我的妈妈去购物、看医生，提供陪伴和交通。由语境和常识可知，此处指陪伴，故选C。company的含义较多，可表示“公司；剧团；陪伴；来宾”，考生在遇到多义词时要结合具体语境进行分析和判断。 在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而使考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须引起重视，背熟记牢。 [示例](2022·全国乙卷) A number of 53.experiments ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear: Our young subjects __54__ the questions and knew 55.exactly what was asked of them. 54．A．comprehended B．predicted C．explored D．ignored [错因分析]本题可能会因词汇理解障碍而失分。根据上一句“...ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked”可知，这些年幼的实验对象并没有误解所提问题，即他们能够理解(comprehend)被提问的问题。故选A。本题的选择难度在于A选项“comprehended(理解)”对于考生而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，一些考生可能因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。 由于种种原因，如考生的母语干扰、知识面和思维习惯等都有可能令考生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于多方位思考，考虑问题不全面，导致错选一些题目，完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况： 单词运用受到思维定式影响 有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth.来表达。 短语或习语运用受到思维定式影响 例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for，但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。 [示例1](2021·天津3月卷)For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was __19__ his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping, he found fe