第08讲 必修三Unit3 Grammar-【帮课堂】2022-2023学年高一英语同步精品讲义（译林版2020必修第三册）

第08讲 必修三Unit3 Grammar（原卷版）-【帮课堂】2022-2023学年高一英语同步精品讲义（译林版2020必修第三册） 【目标导航】 本单元语法是现在分词 【知识精讲】 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。在句中做定语，表语，补足语和状语。 　　1、现在分词的形式：doing--being done having done—having been done 　 　否定式：not + 现在分词 　　（1）现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, looking out of the window. Having been lost in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. （2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. Not having been warned even once, the staff was fired. 　 2．现在分词的句法功能： 　　（1）作定语：当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。表示存在的状态。强调主动或者动作正在进行。 　　 The swimming boy is my friend. 　　　The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 　　　现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能， the swimming boy = the boy who is swimming. the man speaking to the teacher = the man who is speaking to the teacher. 注意：现在分词完成式不能做定语（不定式的完成式也不能） 　　（2）现在分词作表语：表示主语的特征或是对主语的描述。 The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. The present situation is inspiring. 　　be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。 He is writing an article. The story is very touching. 有很多现在分词和过去分词已经被看作是形容词，比如说：exciting, interesting, disappointing, discouraging, puzzling, surprising, amusing, astonishing, delighted, drunk, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, married. 　　（3）作宾语补足语： 如下动词后跟现在分词作宾语补足语.表示动作在延续或进行。与宾语之间是逻辑主谓关系see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, notice, observe, listen to, look at, keep, leave, catch，have等。如： 　　Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate. Don’t have your kids working at their homework all the time. I suddenly felt myself being hit by a heavy fist. （4）作状语： 逻辑主语通常要和句子主语保持一致 Finding her car stolen, ____D_____. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching t