内容正文:
Unit 2 Natural Disasters
2.2 Grammar
动词不定式作定语和结果状语
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知识精讲
)概 念
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语一般不止一个词,通常都是动词不定式短语。因此,作定语的动词不定式放在名词或代词的后面,起修饰和限制作用。如:
House prices are too high, so I have no room to live in. I have to hire a room.
He showed me the way to do the job.
Today is Sunday. I have nothing to do.
放在名词或代词后面作定语的不定式和名词或代词常构成以下关系:
1.名词为不定式的逻辑主语。
His father was the right person to find the missing boy.
他父亲就是那个找到失踪男孩的人。
注意:当中心词为序数词,最高级,the last,the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时,常用不定式作定语。
She is hardworking and is always the first one to come every day.
她很勤奋,每天总是第一个来的。
He is the only person to know the truth.
他是唯一了解真相的人。
2.名词为不定式的逻辑宾语。
Attention,please.I have something important to say.
请注意,我有重要的事情要说。
Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.
他每天叫一个小动物给他带来一些吃的东西。
注意:如果不定式是不及物动词,需加介词才能与名词构成动宾关系。
Give me a piece of paper to write on.
给我一张纸写字。
She has a child to take care of.
她有一个孩子要照顾。
3.名词与不定式是同位语关系。
Who has the ability to do the work?
谁有能力做这个工作?
He is not the kind of man to do such things.
他不是可能做这种事的人。
4.动词不定式作定语,有被动形式。
The house to be built next year will be for the homeless.
明年要建造的这所房子是给那些无家可归的人的。
The subject to be discussed tomorrow is about eduction.
明天要讨论的主题是关于教育的。
二、动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构:
1.so+形容词/副词+as to do如此……以至于……
He studied so hard as to pass the last exam.
他如此努力学习以致于通过了上次的考试。
2.such+形容词+名词+as to do如此……以至于……
He is not such a fool as to do that.
他还没有蠢到做那种事。
3.enough to do...足够……
The boy was experienced enough to deal with such a person.
对付那样一个人,那个男孩很有经验。
He walked fast enough to keep up with his coach.
他走得很快,赶上了他的教练。
4.too+形容词/副词+to do太……而不能……
The old woman was too weak to carry the heavy box.
这个老太太太虚弱而搬不动这个沉重的箱子。
The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.
加利福尼亚号来得太晚,没能挽救更多的人。
5.在never to...结构中
His son left home on a cold morning,never to return.
他儿子在一个寒冷的早上离开了家,再也没有回来。
注意:
(1)不定式短语表示结果时,常与only连用,暗示一种意外的结果。
He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车开走了。
(2)现在分词短语也可以作结果状语,表示由前面的事情引起的一种自然而然的结果