2023年中考英语语法热点精讲精练系列10：被动语态

中考英语语法热点精讲精练系列10：被动语态 一、考点梳理 考点一 被动语态的概念与构成 1. 概念 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子主语和谓语动词之间的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 2. 各种时态被动语态的构成 时态 被动语态构成 例句 一般现在时 is/am/are + done The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天被打扫。 一般过去时 was/were + done The dumplings were made yesterday. 饺子是昨天包的。 现在进行时 is/am/are + being + done The room is being cleaned now. 现在房间正在被打扫。 过去进行时 was/were + being + done The car was being repaired then. 那时这辆小汽车正在被修理。 现在完成时 have/has + been + done My key hasn’t been found yet. 我的钥匙还没有找到。 过去完成时 had + been + done The two roads had been built by the end of last month.到上个月末为止，两条公路被建成了。 一般将来时 shall/will + be + done A new hospital will be built next year. 明年将建一所新医院。 过去将来时 should/would + be + done Mike said a new film would be shown. 迈克说有一部新电影将上映。 含有情态动词 情态动词+ be + done The work must be finished on time. 必须按时完成这项工作。 考点二 被动语态的用法 1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. 昨晚一些新电脑被偷了。 2. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The homework must be handed in on time. 作业必须按时交上来。 3. 说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态。 常用句型： It is said that ... 据说…… It is reported that ... 据报道…… It is hoped that ... 希望…… It is believed that ... 人们相信…… 4. 当动作的执行者有较长的修饰语时，需要用被动语态。 The plan was supported by those who lived far away from the factory. 那个计划得到了那些住得离工厂远的人们的支持。 考点三 主动语态转化为被动语态的方法 1. 基本句式“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”的转换 主动句变为被动句的步骤一般分三步： a. 将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语； b. 将谓语动词由主动形式改为被动形式“be + 过去分词”； c. 将主动句的主语改为被动句中介词 by 的宾语（by 短语有时可以省去）。 2. 句式“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”的转换 含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，有两种方式： a. 可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，直接宾语不变。 My grandma gave me a present yesterday. → I was given a present (by my grandma) yesterday. b. 也可以将直接宾语变为被动结构的主语，这时，应在间接宾语前加介词 to 或 for。 My father bought me a new computer. → A new computer was bought for me (by my father). 小贴士： 一般来说，间接宾语前带to 的动词有bring, give, hand, send, teach, show, tell, offer, pass, take, sell, lend 等；间接宾语前带for 的动词有buy, cook, make, save, get 等。 3. 句式“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的转换 含有宾语补足语的主动句变为被动句时，可将其宾语变为被动结构的主语，宾语补足语留在原处作主语的补足语。 The man painted the door gre