2023年中考英语语法之被动语态

人教版初中英语语法之被动语态 关于语态: 语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的关系。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态(某人做某事);当主语是动作的承受者时,用被动语态(某事被某人做)。 一、各种时态的被动语态 被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。 (1) 、各种时态的被动语态 一般现在时: 主语+am/is/are+过去分词,例如:Three meals are eaten by him every day. 他每天吃三顿饭(每天三顿饭被他吃) 又如:The room is cleaned by the housewife every day. 房间每天都被这个家庭主妇打扫。 一般过去时: 主语+was/were+过去分词,例如:The tea was invented by accident. 茶叶是偶然间被发明的。 The thief who stolen many things was caught by the police last night. 昨天晚上,那个偷了很多东西的小偷被抓住了。 一般将来时: 主语+shall/will+be+过去分词,例如:A new railway station will be built next year. 明年一个新的火车站将会被建立。 Smoking at home won’t be allowed in the future. 在未来,在家吸烟都将不会被允许。 现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词,例如:The car is being repaired. 这辆车正在被修理。 The beautiful flowers are being picked by busy workers. 这些漂亮的花正在被忙碌的工人采摘。 过去进行时: 主语+was/were +being+过去分词,例如:The party was being held when the rainstorm came at 7:00 last night. 当昨天晚上七点钟暴风雨来临的时候,晚会正在被举行。 现在完成时: 主语+has/have +been+过去分词,例如:The bank has been built. 银行已经被修建好了。 The classroom has been cleaned for three times. 教室已经被打扫了三次了。 过去完成时: 主语+had +been+过去分词,例如:I had been invited to the party before you asked me to go shopping with you. 在你邀请我去购物之前,我已经被邀请去参加聚会了。 含有情态动词的被动语态: 主语+情态动词+be+过去分词,例如:I don’t think sixteen-year-old should be allowed to drive. 我不认为十六岁的孩子应该被允许开车。 The work must be finished before 7:00. 这些工作必须在七点之前被完成。 二、主动语态变被动语态的方法 第一步:先确定主动句的主、谓、宾,找出其中的谓语动词。 第二步:把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词,应把宾格变为主格。 第三步:把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”,但时态不能改变。 第四步:把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略),若主语是人称代词时,应把主格变为宾格。 例如:将下列句子变为被动语态: 1. Many people plant trees in the mountains every March 12th. Trees _ _ in the mountains every March 12th _ people. 2. I should allow him to go out . He _ _ _ to go out _ me. 3. They discovered a new plant in the desert. A new plant _ _ in the desert _ them. 参考答案: 1.are planted by 2.should be allowed to by 3.was discovered by 三、被动语态的几种特殊形式 1. 主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。例如: I saw somethi