第1部分 专题1 第2讲 第6节 体裁(二)——说明文•议论文•新闻报道-【金版教程】2023高考英语大二轮专题复习冲刺方案全书word（新教材，创新版）

第六节　体裁(二)——说明文·议论文·新闻报道

 

 

说明文往往通过作比较、举例子、分类别、析结果、列数字和引用等手段，具体描述一项研究成果或者介绍一项新产品、新技术，让读者了解信息。

典例片段　(2022·全国甲卷)

Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape－recognition abilities to a human two－year－old. ...

In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. ...

The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the

cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.

Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers

B．Cockatoos: Independent Learners

C．Cockatoos: Clever Signal－Readers

D．Cockatoos: Skilful Shape－Sorters

①主旨大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。

②题干定位：第一段中的“Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small ... abilities to a human two－year－old.”。

③分析信息：根据第一段中的“科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似。”并结合下文可知，文章主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。因此D项(凤头鹦鹉：熟练的形状归类员)最适合作文章标题。故选D。

 

 

议论文的目的是剖析事物、发表意见、论述事理、提出主张、阐明观点。议论文的三要素：论点、论据、论证。

典例片段　(2022·宁夏银川高三月考)

North Americans value independence, and Europeans value togetherness. I never fully understood that stereotype (陈规，旧习) until two months ago, when I left Canada for a 4­month period in a lab in France. ...

Coffee breaks are a ceremonial part of lab culture here.  ...

The lighthearted atmosphere and sense of community is a welcome contrast to my life in Canada, where I spent most of my workdays in isolation. ...

How much we were missing! Researchers need community because good ideas don't just come from reading literature and thinking deep thoughts. It's helpful to bounce ideas off others, and, to have a site to share the day－to－day ups and downs of life.

Would coffee breaks have solved all my problems? Probably not. But I think sharing ideas with my peers would have helped solve my research dilemma. My time in France has taught me that it's important to create space for organic conversations about lab life. A scientist can feel isolated, but it's not necessarily so when you're