第十七章It和there be句型（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第十七章 It和there be句型 思维导图 知识梳理 一、It的用法 在英语中,it的使用相当广泛,它既可以用作代词,也可用作引导词,还可用在强调结构中. (一)作人称代词 这时it指前面已经提到过的人或事物. -Where is the cat?-猫在哪儿? -It is lying under the chair.-它躺在椅子下面. He took off the first shoe and threw it on the floor.他脱下第一只鞋子,把它扔在地板上. I've seen the film Gone with the Wind, It is very interesting.我看过电影《飘》.这部电影很有意思. (二)作非人称代词 1.当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时,也可以用it指代. Is it a boy or a girl?是男孩还是女孩? There is someone knocking at the door. Who is it?有人敲门.是谁呢? 2.it除可代替事物外,还可指时间、天气、距离、重量、状况或其他情况等 It's time for class.是上课的时候了. It's warm today.今天天气暖和.It weighs 350 pounds.重量为350磅. 3.it有时不确指 How's it going with you?你近况如何? It was dull when Mary was away.玛丽不在,真没劲. How is it going?情况怎么样? 4.it还可用于强调结构 英语常用的强调结构为it is(was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)＋who(that)....一般说来,被强调部分指人时用who(that),指物时用that. It is Li Lei that cleaned the classroom.是李雷打扫了教室. It was yesterday that l bought the book.我是昨天买这本书的. (三)作形式主语 为了避免将句中作真实主语的不定式短语、-ing分词短语和主语从句置于句首造成头重脚轻,习惯上用it作形式主语来指代后面的真实主语. 1.代替不定式短语 It is wrong to tell a lie.说谎是不对的. It is necessary to buy that dictionary.有必要买下那本词典. 2.代替-ing分词短语 It is no use going there so early.这么早去那里没用. It is no use learning without thinking.学而不思则罔. 3.代替主语从句 It is said that Mary is leaving for London tomorrow.据说玛丽明天要动身前往伦敦. It is certain that we shall succeed.我们一定会成功. (四)作形式宾语 当复合宾语中是以不定式短语、-ing分词短语或名词从句作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后. 1.代替不定式短语 He thought it best to put on his cap.他认为最好还是戴上帽子. I consider it important to ask the teacher.我认为问老师问题很重要. We make it a rule to take a walk after supper.我们习惯于在晚饭后散步. 2.代替-ing分词短语 Do you consider it any good trying again?你觉得再试会有好处吗? I found it no use arguing with him.我发现和他辩论没有用. 3.代替宾语从句 Didn't I make it clear to you that I was not coming?我不是向你明确表示过我不来了吗? We found it strange that no one would take the money. 我们感到很奇怪,谁也不要这笔钱. 二、there be句型 (一)there be句型的用法 英语中有一个独特的句型叫There be句型,表示某事物或人的存在关系.其结构是:There be+某人／某物＋某地.There叫引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,译成汉语时,也不必译出,句中的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语的数一致.当主语是由两个或两个以上的名词充当时,谓语动词be要跟它相邻的那个名词的数一致. 1.there be句型的肯定式 There were t