第十二章动词不定式（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第十二章 动词不定式 思维导图 知识梳理 一、不定式概述 动词不定式的基本形式是:“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to.不带to的不定式与动词原形同形,但它不是原形,而是一种语法形式.除基本助动词do和情态动词外,英语动词都有不定式形式. 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分－主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语.动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语. 不定式有时态、语态变化(以do为例): 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing - 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing - 动词不定式的句法作用 (一)作主语 用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式. To obey the laws is everyone's duty.服从法律是每个人的职责. How to use the computer is a question.怎么使用计算机是一个问题. How to get there is not decided yet.怎样去那里还没决定下来. 点拨 (1)在很多情况下,常用it作形式主语,而把真实主语不定式放在谓语之后. It was difficult to sell my car.我的车很难卖掉. It's not known where to stay for the night.在哪里过夜还不知道. (2)如果要表示不定式的动作是谁做的,一般在不定式前加一个for短语. It will be a regret for us not to help him.我们没有帮助他是个遗憾. (3)在某些形容词(如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时,不定式前常可加一个以of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况. It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation.(我们)拒绝他们的邀请,会显得无礼. (二)作表语 作表语,一般紧跟在系动词,如:be, seem, get等后面,用以说明主语. The question is when to start.问题是什么时候启程. You seem to have lost weight.你好像减肥了. What we have to do first is to find a solution.我们得做的第一件事是找出一个解决办法. 点拨 当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这个不定式只作单纯的表语,而不具有未来的含义. (三)作宾语 能以不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree, begin, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, pretend, start, try, want, wish等. Do you wish to see the manager?你想见经理吗? They decided to learn English hard.他们决定好好学英语. Don't forget to meet me at 6:00.别忘了六点钟和我见面. 有些动词,如:tell, advise, show, teach, know, forget, learn , remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, decide, discuss等后面,常用带疑问词的不定式作宾语. We don't know who(whom)to ask.我们不知道问谁. We asked how to get to the station.我们问怎么到达车站. Have you decided where to go for your holidays?你们决定到哪儿度假了吗? I don't know whether to apply for the job or not?那份工作我不知道申请还是不申请? (四)作定语 I have no time to waste.我没有时间可浪费. Let me find a place to park.我来找个停车的地方. He is always the first to