第七章介词（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第七章 介 词 思维导图 知识梳理 一、介词的定义 介词又叫前置词,一般放在名词的前面.介词是一种虚词,一般不重读,不能在句子中独立充当一个成分,它只是表示它后面的名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句与其他句子成分的关系. 二、介词的分类 按照词的构成,英语的介词可分为简单介词、合成介词、双重介词、短语介词等. (一)简单介词 即由一个词构成的介词.如about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beside, besides, between, beyond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, of, off, on, over, past, round, till, to, with等. (二)合成介词 即由两个简单介词组合而成的介词.如inside, into, onto, out of, outside, upon, throughout, within, without等. (三)双重介词 双重介词指两个介词连着使用,使表达的意思更确切、更明了.如:up to, from behind, from inside, from among, at about等. (四)短语介词 由一个或两个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类组合成一个短语,作用相当于一个介词,这类短语介词的末尾总是一个简单介词.如:as far as, as early as等. 三、介词的用法 介词不能单独作为句子成分.它必须用在名词或代词之前组成介词短语,修饰动词、名词或代词,表示时间、地点、空间和其他关系.介词后面的名词、代词或其他成分作介词的宾语.介词与它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语才能在句子中充当某一成分.介词短语在句中主要用作: (一)作主语 From Hangzhou to Shanghai is three hours by train.从杭州到上海坐火车要三小时. (二)作宾语的介词 A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.一个漂亮女孩从帘子后面出现了. (三)作表语 I'm in need of your help.我需要你的帮助. (四)作定语 I have lost the key to the door of my room.我把房间的钥匙丢了. A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难的朋友才是真朋友. (五)作宾语补足语 I found him in a hurry.我发现他匆匆忙忙的. (六)作状语 Lessons begin at eight.八点开始上课. On the top of the hill we can see how beautiful Beijing is.在山顶上,我们看到了好美的北京城. 四、常见介词归类 (一)表示时间的介词及介词短语 in, at, on, before, after, till, since, for, from...to, until, by, in the middle of, at the beginning of, at the end of, at half past five, at night, in a week, in the morning, in class, at sunrise, in spring/summer/autumn/winter, on Sunday, on Saturday afternoon, on a winter evening, for a long time, for two months, after school, since liberation, before lunch, at the time of, at the age of (二)表示地点的介词及介词短语 in. at, into, to, on, beside, before, behind, above, under, outside, inside, up, from, far from, near, across, off, down, among, past, between, out of, around, in the front of, in the middle of, at the back of, at the foot of, at home, at the gate, at the table, in the sky. on the ground, in a tree, in the south, in