第十章动词的时态（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第十章 动词的时态 思维导图 知识梳理 在英语中,不同时间里以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态,要用不同的动词形式来表示,动词的这种不同形式称为动词的时态. 英语的时态从时间上划分,可以分为现在时、过去时、将来时和过去将来时;从行为方式上划分,每一类又可以分为一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式.这样,英语动词合起来共有16种时态.现以动词work为例,将16种时态形式列表如下: 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般式 work works worked shall work will Should work should 进行式 am are working is was working were shall be working will should be working would 完成式 has worked have had worked shall have worked will should have worked would 完成进 行式 have been working has had been working shall have been working will should have been working would 这些时态中常用的有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时以及过去将来时8种. 一、一般现在时 (一)一般现在时的构成 一般现在时的否定式、疑问式、否定疑问式和简单回答形式,以work为例,列表如下: 否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式 简单回答 I do not work. Do I work? Do I not work? Yes, I do. No, I don't. You do not work. Do you work? Do you not work? Yes, I do. No, I don't. He/ She/It does not work. Does he/she/it work? Does he/she/it not work? Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesn't. We do not work. Do we work? Do we not work? Yes, you do. No, you don't. You do not work. Do you work? Do you not work? Yes, we do. No, we don't. They do not work. Do they work? Do they not work? Yes, they do. No, they don't. (二)动词的第三人称单数词尾变化 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es(见下表): 规则 动词原形 第三人称单数形式 一般在词尾加-s play work leave swim plays works leaves swims 以字母s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的词加-es pass fix teach wish do passes fixes teaches wishes does 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es study carry fly cry studies carries flies cries 动词have的第三人称单数形式为has. (三)动词第三人称单数加s或es后的读音 1.在清辅音/p/, /k/, /t, /f/后读/s/ stops/stɒps/ jumps/dʒʌ mps/ likes/laɪks/ picks/pɪks/ visits/vɪzɪts/ laughs/lɑːfs/ coughs/kɒfs/ posts/pəʊsts/ 2.在/s/, /z/, /ʃ /, /tʃ /, /dʒ /之后读/ɪz/ passes/pɑːsɪz/ guesses/gesɪz/ rises/raɪzɪz/ refuses/rɪfju:zɪz/ wishes/wɪʃɪz/ washes/wɒʃɪz/ teaches/ti:tʃɪz/ watches/wɒtʃɪz/ changes/tʃeɪndʒɪz/ manages/mænɪdʒɪz/ 3.除以上两种读音外,其余的均读/z/ (四)一般现在时的用法 1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作 常与often, always, sometimes, every day, o