第十一章动词的语态（思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼）2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第十一章 动词的语态 思维导图 知识梳理 一、语态概述 英语动词除了有时态之外,还有语态,表示主语和谓语的不同关系.如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作的对象,谓语动词则用被动语态.动作的执行者用“by”引导的短语表示,但往往被省略;动作的对象则充当了被动语态句中的主语.汉语中常用“挨”“被”“受”等词来表示这个意思. The boy broke the window.那个男孩把玻璃窗打碎了.(主动语态) The window was broken by the boy.这扇玻璃窗被那个男孩打碎了.(被动语态) They watched the children sing that morning.那天早上他们看着孩子们唱歌.(主动语态) The children were watched to sing that morning.那天早上,孩子们被观看唱歌.(被动语态) 二、被动语态的构成 “助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词”构成动词被动语态的形式.助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样.现以动词ask为例,列表如下:方式 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am is asked are am being is being asked are being has been asked have been 过去 was asked were asked was being asked were being asked had been asked 将来 Shall be asked will be asked - shall have been asked will have been asked 过去将来 should be asked would be asked - should have been asked would have been asked 三、常用被动语态 (一)一般现在时 This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou.这种电视是广州制造的. Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.汉语是世界上最多人讲的语言. (二)一般过去时 The thief was arrested.小偷被抓住了. These pictures were taken on the Great Wall.这些照片是在长城拍摄的. (三)一般将来时 Your watch will be repaired.你的表将会被修理好. The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.班会下周六下午召开. (四)现在进行时 A new road is being built outside my house.我们家门口正在修一条新路. The watch is being repaired.这只表正在修理. (五)过去进行时 The bridge was being repaired when we passed it.我们过桥时,桥正在修. While the supper was being prepared, the light suddenly went out.正在做晚饭时,电灯突然灭了. (六)过去将来时 They decided that invitations would not be sent out unless they were carefully checked. 他们决定除非经过仔细校对,否则请柬不会发送出去. (七)现在完成时 Your wallet has been found.你的钱夹已经找到了. Enough has been said here of this question.关于这个问题,这里已经谈得不少了. (八)过去完成时 By 1972 a cooperative medical system had been set up in this area. 到1972年这个地区已建立了合作医疗制度. When the anthem had been played, the Congress began.奏完国歌后,大会开始. 四、被动语态的用法 (一)不知道谁是动作的执行者,用被动语态 My watch was stolen.我的手表被窃了. This jacket is made of cotton.这件夹克是棉制的. Her son was killed in World War II.她的儿子