专题15阅读理解之细节理解题-2023年高考英语二轮复习重点难点、易混易错、一网打尽之策略（全国版）

专题15阅读理解之细节理解题 【题型概述】 细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解,特点是题干针对原文提到的某事物、现象或理论进行发问。有些问题考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案,有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理,如计算、排序、判断、比较等。细节理解类题在高考试卷中占很大的比例,特别是在应用文、说明文和记叙文中,更是侧重对细节理解题的考查。 1. 掌握技巧,灵活运用 (1)细心审题,直接就题找答案提取“带着问题找答案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性尚(题眼),然后以此为线索运用略读及查读的技巧快速:得在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。 (2)变通理解,间接转述找答案 细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动,摘取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置,把A的观点说成B的观点等。 (3)多点归纳,综合事实找答案 细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息,而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时,一定要全面捕捉相关信息,进行综合分析、归纳,切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。 2. 明确干扰,破除陷阱 (1)扩大或缩小范围 文章为了表达准确严密,经常通过加上相应的词语限制如涉及数量时常用many,almost all,nearly, more than, over, only afew,normally等限制。有些干扰项改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小语言范围。 (2)偷换概念 命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。 (3)正误并存 在干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者常会借此以假乱真。 【增分策略】 一、直接信息题--原文定位法 【例】(2021·新高考全国卷I) Romecan be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社).The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that,you'll often get to stay in a central location(位置)with security and comfort. 21. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel? A.Comfort. B. Security. C. Price. D. Location. 答案C 第一步 题干关键词:what,concern,stayin ahostel 第二步 原文定位点:Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社). 第三步 直接得答案:根据pricey可知“罗马对旅行的人来说可能很昂贵”,故选C项。 二、综合信息题--同义转化法、概念解析法、归纳事实法、数字计算法 【例】 (2021·全国卷甲)Paul Beer,head of rhino section at Port Lympne,said:"Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy,strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up,I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.” 25.What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino? A. She loves staying with her mother. B. She di