内容正文:
专题02非谓语动词专讲专练
【解题原则】
原则1 了解句法功能,分析句子结构,判断句子成分,确定非谓语动词形式
非谓语动词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语、补语多种成分,理解非谓语动词的句法功能,判断出其应作哪种成分是解题的关键。
①作伴随状语和结果状语时用现在分词
More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国又建了更多的高速公路,这使人们的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)
All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.
他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。(表伴随)
[特别提醒] 源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语,表示句子主语所处的一种状态,常见的有:seated (坐着的),devoted (专注的),lost/absorbed in (沉溺于),dressed in (穿着)等。
Absorbed in his book, he didn't notice me enter the room.
他专注读书,没注意到我进入房间。
②作目的状语时用不定式,且只能用不定式的一般式
●非谓语动词作目的状语,要想到用不定式。
To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
为了更容易与我们取得联系,你最好随身带着这张卡片。
●非谓语动词作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式,表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词。
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)
●非谓语动词作原因状语,表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式;非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。
I am only too glad to see everything settled.
看到一切问题都解决了,我很高兴。
Being tired, he went to bed early.
因为很累,他很早就睡了。
③作主语时常用动名词,作介词的宾语时一定用动名词
●分析句子成分,如果一个经常性、习惯性的动作作主语,常用v.-ing形式。
Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
掌握基本的急救技能将有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速做出反应。
●介词和带介词to的固定搭配一定跟v.-ing作宾语。
I'm looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
我希望尽快收到你的来信。
④作表语时指物用v.-ing,指人用v.-ed形式
●牢记v.-ing作表语或定语时常指物,v.-ed作表语或定语时常指人。
He was very shocked to learn the shocking news that his wife was killed in a traffic accident.
得知他的妻子在交通事故中死亡这一令人震惊的消息时,他非常吃惊。
原则2 利用固定搭配或习惯用法,确定非谓语动词形式
①牢记用v.-ing/to do形式作宾语的词(短语)
●接v.-ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有:suggest, risk, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, avoid, delay, include, deny, escape, advise, finish, miss, forgive, consider, recommend, forbid, give up, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to, devote ... to, pay attention to等。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.
我回避提及这个话题,以免冒犯他。
●接to do形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有:decide, refuse, promise, pretend, hesitate, manage, plan, fail, choose, desire, hope