Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（Word教师用书）-【优化指导】2022-2023学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage [对应学生用书P41] 动词­ing作主语和宾语 观察下面的句子，说出黑体部分所作的句子成分。 1．I love learning about country music and I keep asking them questions about it all the time! 2．Playing the qin was his life. 3．Boya did not say anything before playing the qin，yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind． [自我归纳] 句1中动词的­ing形式作动词的宾语；句2动词的­ing形式作主语；句3动词的­ing形式作介词的宾语。 [语法图解] [语法突破] 动词的­ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”(gerund)和“现在分词”(present participle)两个部分。动词的­ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。 一、动词­ing形式的特征和种类 与动词不定式一样，动词的­ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。 (一)动词­ing形式的一般式 1．动词­ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。 Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2．动词­ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom，talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3．动词­ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e­mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。 He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 (二)动词­ing形式的完成式 动词­ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years，she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 注意：在现代英语中，作宾语的­ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。 We remembered seeing the film.我们记得看过这部电影。(＝We remembered having seen the film.) (三)动词­ing形式的被动形式 动词的­ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是­ing形式表示的动作的承受者。 1．一般式的被动形式 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。 I can't stand being kept waiting. 我不堪久候。 2．完成式的被动形式 I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team. 我听说他被选为球队的教练。 Having been shown the lab，we were taken to see the school library. 在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。 (四)动词­ing形式的否定形式 动词的­ing形式的否定形式是由not加动词的­ing形式构成。 His not coming made everyone present very disappointed． 他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。 I'm sorry for not being present at the meeting on time. 我很抱歉没能按时赴会。 Not knowing his address