Unit 6 Space and beyond Using language 学案-2021-2022学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册

Unit 6 Space and beyond

Section B Using language

学习目标

1、学会本节单词、短语。

2、掌握本节句型表达与运用。

词汇解析

submit vt.递交；呈递(文件等)　vi. & vt.同意服从；屈服；投降

submit...to...  向……递交……

submit oneself to sth.  向某事/某物屈服

submit to doing  同意/服从做……

submission n.  屈服；提交(物)，呈递

❶All applications must be submitted by Monday.

所有申请必须在星期一前递交。

❷He submitted an essay to his tutor.

他向导师呈交了论文。

❸He submitted himself to a search by the guards.

他接受卫兵搜查。

❹Derek has agreed to submit to questioning.

德雷克同意接受讯问。

语法梳理

Grammar——情态动词

[新知导引]

诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性

1．I can play basketball now, but I couldn't when I was young.

2．May I come in?

3．It can be quite cold here at night.

4．It may/might rain this afternoon.

5．Will you mind opening the window for me?

6．He would go to the park whenever he was free.

7．When shall he be able to leave the hospital?

8．If the train is on time, she should/ought to arrive in Beijing by seven o'clock.

9．You mustn't stop your car in the busy street.

10．You don't have to finish the work now.

11．Need I finish the work today?

12．He dared not do it.

[共性呈现]

1．画线部分均为情态动词，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气。

2．所有情态动词都要和实义动词原形一起构成谓语。

[语法精释]

情态动词

1．情态动词表示推测的用法

(1)must表推测时只用于肯定句，经常翻译成“一定”或“肯定”，所作出的推测几乎接近于事实，语气最肯定。

❶He has been working all day. He must be very tired.

他一整天一直在工作。他肯定非常累。

(2)should/ought to表推测时常用于肯定句，经常翻译成“照说应该”，所作出的推测表示一种可能性或一种猜测。

❷—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

我什么时候能来取相片？明天下午我需要这些相片。

—They should be ready by 12：00.

(明天中午)12点应该会洗出来的。

❸Children ought to be able to read by the age of 7.

儿童7岁时应该识字了。

(3)may和might表推测既可以用于肯定句中，也可以用于否定句中。用于肯定句中译为“可能”，否定式为may not/might not，译为“可能不”。might的可能性比may更小、更委婉一些。may和might后可接副词well加强语气，意为“很可能”。

❹The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。

❺If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back.

如果我继续走下去，我可能看不到回去的路了。

❻He may/might well find that the course is too difficult.

他很可能觉得这门课太难了。

(4)can/could可以表推测。can用于肯定句时，表示理论上的可能性，即从理论上去考虑其可能性，至于实际情况如何，则不予考虑，而且没有具体的时间意义。其否定式can't是语气最强的否定推测，翻译为“不可能，一定不”。can也可用于疑问句中表推测。could只

表示可能性比can小，不表示时态。

❼Exercising alone can be boring.

独自一个人锻炼可能会很无聊。

❽Vitamins cannot be manufactured by our bodies.

人体不能生成维生素。

❾What can he possibly mean？他会是什么意思呢？

2．“情态动词＋ have done”表示推测的用法

(1)must have done表示对过去事实有把握的推测，语气最强，只用于肯定句中，翻译为“肯定(已经)……”。

❶Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He must have drunk too much at the party last night.哈里感觉不舒服，他肯定是昨晚在聚会时喝多了。

(2)should/ought to have done表示根据一般的规律而作出的推断，翻译为“应该(已经)……”。另外，它还可以表虚拟，翻译为“本应该……”，表示过去应该做的事情却没有做；其否定式should not have done/ought not to have done翻译为“本来不应该……”，表示过去不应该做的事情却做了。

❷You oughtn't to have entered the teachers' office without permission.没有经过允许，你们本不该进老师的办公室。

❸—My cat is really fat.我的猫太胖了。

—You should have given her less food.

你本应该少给她点食物。

(3)may/might have  done表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测，语气较弱，用于肯定句时表示“可能已经……”，否定式may/might not have done表示“可能还没……”。另外，might have done还可以表虚拟，翻译为“本来可能或可以做但没有做”，其否定式表示“过去本不可以做却做了”，含有轻微的责备或遗憾之情。

❹—Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.

我的字典在哪儿呢？我记得昨天我把它放在这里了。

—You might have put it in the wrong place.

你可能把它放错地方了。

❺The pills might have helped him, if only he'd taken them regularly.

他当时要是按时服药，也许可以对他有帮助。

(4)can't/couldn't have done表示对过去事实的推测，翻译为“不可能已经……”，can't比couldn't的语气更强一些。在复合句中，当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时的时候，从句要用couldn't have done。

❻George can't have gone too far. His coffee is still warm.