第08讲 必修一Unit3 Grammar -【帮课堂】2022-2023学年高一英语同步精品讲义（译林版2020必修第一册）

第08讲 必修一Unit3 Grammar（原卷版） -【帮课堂】2022-2023学年高一英语同步精品讲义（译林版2020必修第一册） 【目标导航】 本单元的语法是关系代词引导的定语从句 【知识精讲】 定语从句的构成 This is the best film that I have seen. ★先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 ★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词又分为关系代词与关系副词 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词：when, where, why 关系代词 作用：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语 代指人：who，whom，that，whose 代指物：that，which，whose 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. 2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) The man whom/who I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li. 3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder which he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library which you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books? 4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略），且只用在限制性定语从句中。 A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man that/who/whom I told you about. 5. whose 在定从中作定语，表所属关系，翻译为“他的/她的/它的”，用来代替 his，her，their，its. whose指人也指物 指物时 = of which 指人时 = of whom This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue. This is the book the cover of which is blue. Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq. Do you know the girl of whom the father died in Iraq. Do you know the girl the father of whom died in Iraq. 定语从句中that和which的区别 (1)不能用that，只能用which ①非限定性定语从句中，即逗号之后； ②介词后面不能用that，只能用which。 This is the village ,which we visited last summer. 这是我们去年夏天参观的乡村。 Is this the bookshop from which you bought the book? 这是你买这本书的书店吗？ (2)只能用that，不能用which ①先行词是不定代词，包括all，anything，nothing，the one，much，little等。如： Have you taken down everything that Mr Lee have said?你记下李先生说的所有的事情了吗？ ②如果先行词中出现了the only，the very等。如： This is the only way that we can think out. 这是我们能够想出的唯一的方式。 ③如果先行词中出现了序数词和形容词最高级。如： This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。 ④如果先行词中既有人，又有物。如： They are talking about