内容正文:
Unit 1 Nature in the Balance
1.2 Grammar
省略句
(
知识精讲
)概 念
为了避免重复,突出关键词语,并使上下文紧密连接,在句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句子成分。这种语法手段就称为省略。
一、简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语
祈使句中主语的省略
*(You) don't touch me. 不要碰我。
2. 省略谓语
*Some of us study English; others (study) French.
3. 感叹句中的省略
*What a good time (we had) yesterday! 昨天我们玩得很开心!
4. 特殊疑问句中的省略 (只对所问作针对性的回答)。
—— Which book do you want? 你想要哪一本书?
—— The one on the desk. 书桌上的那本。
二、并列句中的省略
1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。
*Mr. Smith picked up a coin on the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman. 史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬币,并把它交给了一位警察。
2. 若主语不同而其后的助动词、情态动词相同,则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。
*Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球,玛丽在写作业。
3. 若句子中前半句与后半句的主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的谓语成分。
*His approach to solving the problem made me happy, but (made) Jim angry. 他的解决该问题的方法使我高兴,但使吉姆愤怒。
4. 若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略后面的主要动词及后续部分。
*I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1987. 我出生于 1988年冬天,鲍勃是 1987 年冬天。
三、复合句中的省略
1. 省略主句
—— Why didn't you come to class yesterday? 你昨天为什么没来上课?
—— (I didn't come to class yesterday) Because I was ill. 因为我生病了。
2. 宾语从句中的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I believe (that) beauty comes from within. 我相信美丽来自内心。
(2)when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
She wants to learn English well, yet she doesn't know how (she can learn it well).
她想学好英语,但她不知道怎样才能学好。
3.定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略(但whom, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The man (who/whom/that) you want to meet has come. 你要见的人来了。
(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。
Do you know the way (that/in which) work is measured? 你知道衡量工作的方式吗?
4.状语从句中的省略【高频中的高频】
(1)时间状语从句中的省略
When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the violin.
她很小的时候就开始学习拉小提琴。
(2)条件状语从句中的省略
条件状语从句的省略形式为if necessary, if possible, if true等。另外unless, as long as等词或短语后也可用省略形式。
He will come if (he is) asked.如果叫他来,他就来。
If (it is) necessary, ring me at two o'clock.
如果有必要,两点给我打电话。
so that, so…that, such…that 引导结果状语从句时,有时可省略that。如:
I am so busy (that) I have no tim