内容正文:
第七讲 there be 句式
一、肯定句:“There be+主语(某人/某物)+介词短语”,表示“(在)某地有某人/某物”。这里的 be 的单复数形式要采取“就近一致”原则,即合靠近 be 的主语保持一致。具体地说,there 后面第一个主语,若是单数时,be就用 is/was;若是复数时 be 就用are/were。例如:There are three people in my family. 我家有三口人。
There is a pen and two books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。
二、否定式:“There be +not+主语+介词短语”。如:
例如:There isn’t a boy in the room. 房间里没有一个男孩。
There aren’t any books on the desk. 书桌上没有书。
注意:“There be 句型”的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样,在be后加not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,所以not a/an/any+n.相当于no+n.。
例如:There are some pictures on the wall.
There aren’t any pictures on the wall.=There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree.
There isn’t a bike behind the tree.=There is no bike behind the tree.
三、疑问式:“Be there+主语+介词短语?”。
肯定回答是:“Yes, there be.”否定回答是:“No, there+be 与 not 的缩写形式”。
例如:—Is there a lamp in your bedroom? 在你的卧室里有台灯吗?—Yes, there is.是的,有。
—Are there any clocks in the living room?客厅里有钟吗?—No, there aren’t.不,没有。
四、特殊疑问句:“There be 句型”的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:
1.对主语提问:当主语是人时,用“Who+be+介词短语?”;当主语是物时,用“What+be+介词短语?”。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对其提问时一般都用 be 的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来确定)。
例如:There are many things over there.→What’s over there?
There was a little girl in the room.→Who was in the room?
2.对地点状语提问:提问地点用“Where+be+主语?”。
例如:There is a computer on the desk.→Where is the computer?
There were four children on the playground. →Where were the four children?
3.对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构:
例如:How many+复数名词+are/were (there)+介词短语?
→There’re many children in the park.
How many children are (there) in the park?
How much+不可数名词+is/was there+介词短语?
例如:There was little rain around the year.→How much rain was (there)around the year?
五、There be 的其他用法
1.there be与have的替换。there be表示所属关系时可与have替换。
例如:There is nothing but a book in my bag.=I have nothing but a book in my bag.
我书包里只有一本书。
There are forty students in our class.=Our class has forty students.
我们班有四十名学生。
2.there be后接表示物的主语时,后面常接不定式作定语,不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。例如:There is a lot of work to do.有许多工作要做。
3.there be 后接表示人或动物的主语时,后面长接V—ing形式作定语。
例如:There are some chi