模块一 第09讲 非谓语动词 （讲义）-2022年英语中考复习专项教师免备课

( 第 9 讲 非谓语动词 ) 1. 非谓语动词是指在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式，在句子中相当于名词、形容词或副词。非谓语在句中不受主语人称和数的限制。不定式、动名词、分词都是非谓语动词； 2. 近年来中考关于非谓语动词的考查重点有：动名词做主语和宾语；分词作定语；动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语；不定式符号to的省略以及及物动词后接动词不定式和接动名词的意义差异等； 3. 考查题型主要集中在单项选择、完成句子中，直接考查本知识点题目所占分值大约为2分左右。 非谓语动词在初中年级学习分布如下： 七年级下学习现在进行时学习现在分词，八年级下重点学习动词不定式，九年级学习被动语态时接触过去分词。非谓语动词的学习比较分散，在学习一些单词时也会学习。 What happened to him? His mother asked him to do his homework. Would you mind opening the window? Tom had his hair cut. 动词不定式 1. 动词不定式的形式 肯定式 to do Tell the children to eat healthy food. 否定式 not to do Tell the children not to eat unhealthy food. 【注】动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能用作谓语，其形式不随主语的人称、数和时态而变化。动词不定式可以有自己的宾语和逻辑主语等。 I want to buy a computer. It’s important for us to learn English. 2. 动词不定式的句法功能 成分 用法 例句 主语 1) 位于句首，谓语动词用第三人称单数 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 2) 常用it作形式主语，把不定式放在后面 常见句型: It's+ adj. + of/for + sb. + to do sth. 形容词是描述人的性格和品质方面时，用of; 形容词用于描述不定式动作时，用for It is a / one’s + n. (task / duty / job) + to do sth. It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It's extremely kind of you to come and meet me. It's dangerous for you to drive so fast. It’s my duty to save patients. 表语 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为做主语 Her job is to clean the hall. =To clean the hall is her job. 宾语 1) 作某些动词的宾语，如want, refuse, forget, afford, try, choose, agree, help, hope, decide等 Tom can't afford to buy a car at present. 2) 在find, think后作宾语时，常用it代替，作宾语的动词不定式后移 I find it easy to read English every day. 宾补 1) tell, ask, allow, would like, encourage, advise, remind等后跟动词不定式做宾补 She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class. 2) 一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel),二听(hear, listen),三让(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice),但被动要还原to I saw him cross the road. My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss. 定语 1) 不定式作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面 On the farm everyone has lots of work to do. 2) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的词是动宾关系，如果动词为不及物动词，后面须加上相应的介词 There is nothing to worry about. I want a pen to wr