Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage and Integrated skills-2021-2022学年新教材高中英语选修第一册【金版新学案】教师用书（译林版）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage and Integrated skills 动词不定式作主语和表语 用动词不定式完成下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征 1．(教材P3 )It is hardest to give(give) up the food that you grow up with. 2．(教材P6 )Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat (eat) at a restaurant. 3．(教材P6 )To eat (eat) out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. 4．(教材P6 )When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make (make) a simple and tasty dish. 5．(教材P6 )My plan is to invite (invite) my friends over at the weekend to show them my new­found skills. 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语和状语，但不可单独作谓语，属于非谓语动词。本单元主要学习动词不定式作主语和表语。 一、动词不定式作主语 1．不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作；在很多情况下，人们通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定式移到谓语之后，使句子结构显得平稳一些。 To do that sort of thing is foolish. 做那种事真是愚蠢。 To hesitate means failure. 犹豫不决就意味着失败。 It's necessary to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 It is against my principles to do such a thing. 做这样的事是违反我的原则的。 [名师点津]　不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式，而且表示一次具体行为或动作。 2．不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)都可作主语，但动名词(短语)作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；不定式(短语)多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。 Knowing basic first­aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. 掌握基本的急救技能将会有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速作出反应。 To get up early is necessary. 早起是必要的。 It is not right to make fun of the disabled. 嘲笑残疾人是不对的。 It's no use arguing with him about the question for he won't change his opinion. 关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的，他是不会改变自己的观点的。 3．it作形式主语，不定式(短语)作真正主语的常见句型： (1)It＋be＋adj./ n．＋(for sb.)＋ to do sth.(某人)做某事是…… 当作表语的形容词(easy，hard，difficult，important等)说明不定式行为的性质和特点时，常用“for sb.”引出不定式的逻辑主语。 It's too hard for me to persuade her to come with us tomorrow. 说服她明天跟我们一块来对我来说太难。 It was an enjoyable experience for him to attend the activity. 能够参加这次活动对他来说是一次愉快的经历。 (2)It＋be＋adj.＋(of sb.)＋ to do sth.(某人)做某事是…… 当作表语的形容词(kind，nice，good等)说明不定式的逻辑主语的性格和品行时， 常用“of sb.”引出不定式的逻辑主语。 It's thoughtless of you to do so. 你这样做真是太不懂事了。 二、不定式作表语 1．不定式作表语时常见的动词：不定式作表语时，一般紧紧跟在系动词后面，如be，seem，remain，appear，g