Unit1 Food matters Grammar and usage 课件 -2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 To-infinitives MILK 一.Definition 动词不定式 to-infinitive 一词来自拉丁语“infinitivus ”，含义为“unlimited, indefinite”(不受限制，不确定)。它是指动词中不带词形变化从而不指人称，数量，时态的一种形式。 I want to eat an apple. She wants to eat an apple. They want to eat apples. I wanted to eat an apple. 人称 数量 时态 1.The definition of to-infinitive MILK 二. Forms 语态 主动 被动 do be doing have done be done be doing done have been done 1. The forms of verbs MILK 语态 主动 被动 to do to be doing to have done be done to have been done 2.The forms of in-finitive MILK 1. To climb up the mountain is easy , while to go down the hills is hard. 2. It took years of work to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality(碳中和). 3. I went to the annual earthquake workshop to learn some safety tips. 4. The authorities told the local people to stay inside when the typhoon arrived. 5. They arrived at the airport only to find the flight had been cancelled。 6. Things turned out to be much better than we had expected. 7. Before we returned home, the flood damage needed to be repaired. 8. This was the last city to be cleared of people before the volcano erupted. subject subject adverbial of purpose object complement adverbial of result predicative object attributive 3.判断不定式在下列句子中作何成分 三.To-infinitives as subjects 不定式作主语 1. 动词不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或者表示将来含义的动作， 且谓语动词常用单数。如： To master a new skill is not an easy thing. To see is to believe. To help others is our duty. To talk with her is a great pleasure. To-infinitive as subjects 动词不定式作主语 3.如果and连接两个或更多并列的不定式(不定式短语)作主语，谓语动词就用复 数; 但作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To improve people’s lives and to speed up prosperity ______ (be) our tasks. When and where to do ________________________ (not decide) yet. What to do and where to do ________________________ (not decide) yet. is are hasn’t been decided haven’t been decided To-infinitive as subjects 动词不定式作主语 2.单个不定式(不定式短语)做主语，谓语动词用单数 To play basketball ______(be) great. To-infinitive as subjects 动词不定式作主语 4.动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而 将动词不定式短语置于句末。常见的句型有以下四种： 2) It takes sb. ＋ some time ＋ to do sth. It took me an hour to repair my bike. 1) It ＋ be ＋ 名词 ＋ to do sth. It is still a problem to decide what we should do next. To-infinitive as subjects 动词不定式作主语 4) It’s ＋ adj. ＋ of sb. ＋ to do sth 该句型的形容词多为修饰人，例如: careless, clever, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, stupid, wise等。 It’s clever of you to work out the maths problems. = You are clever to work out the maths problems. adverbial 3) It ＋ be ＋ adj. ＋ for sb. to do sth. 该句型的形容词多修饰事物，例 如: difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible等。 It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street 用 it 做形式主语改写下面句子 (1) To speak English well isn't an easy job.  (2) To improve our teaching methods is very important. (3) To talk with her is a great pleasure.  (4) To look up every new word would be a waste of time. It isn’t an easy job to speak English. It is very important to improve our teaching methods. It is a great pleasure to talk with her. It would be a waste of time to look up every new word . P Practice To-infinitive as subjects 动词不定式作主语 5. “特殊疑问词 + 不定式” 构成的不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单 数。常见的特殊疑问词有：what , who , which , when , where , why , how 等。 hasn’t is Where to hold the meeting _________ (has) been decided. How to relieve the pain _____ (be) a question. 四.To-infinitives as predicatives 动词不定式作表语 1. 动词不定式作表语，通常说明主语的具体内容。其主语通常是 aim, ambition, dream, duty, goal, idea, plan, purpose, task, way ,wish 等表示 意向、打算、计划的词。如： His ambition is __________ (become) an actor. Her duty is ___________ (look after) the children. to become to look after To be a doctor is my dream. To-infinitive as predicatives 动词不定式作表语 （不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换） My dream is to be a doctor.＝ 2.动词不定式作表语省略to的情况 动词不定式作表语时，不定式符号to一般不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且 从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号to可以省略。 To-infinitive as predicatives 动词不定式作表语 ① All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion. 我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。 ② Don't worry. What you need to do is (to) have a good sleep. 别担心，你需要做的就是好好睡一觉。 3.某些系动词，如 be，seem（看起来），appear（看起来），prove （证明），turn out（结果）等，后面可以接不定式作表语。其中， 除了be动词之外，seem、appear、prove、turn out后面的表语若是 以“to be+...”的形式出现，通常可以省略to be。 proves To-infinitive as predicatives 动词不定式作表语 He seems (to be) busy. ＝He appears (to be) busy. The plan _________(prove) right. ＝The plan turns out (to be) right. 某些动词的不定式与 be 动词连用时常用主动形式表示被动意义,如 be to let (出租),be to blame(应负责任)等。 特别注意 ① The house is to let. 这所房子要出租。 ② Who is to blame for the accident? 谁应该为这起事故负责? 动词不定式和动名词做表语都是用于表示主语“是什么”,但动词不定式做表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作;动名词做表语强调的是一般性的、抽象的、经常发生的动作。 特别注意 The man's job is to paint the walls. 这位男士的工作是粉刷这些墙。 The man's job is painting walls. 这位男士的工作是粉刷墙。 (表示经常性的日常工作) (表示一次性的、具体的、目前要做的事情) 有些系动词，如 sound、smell、taste、feel、become等，通常不可以接不定式作表语。 F T F 特别注意 练习：判断下列句子正误 It smells to be delicious. The book seems available. The cake tastes to be yummy. 五.To-infinitives as objects 动词不定式作宾语 To-infinitive as objects 动词不定式作宾语 1. 不定式可跟在一些动词后作宾语，如: afford, aim, promise, refuse, decide,manage, hope, expect等。 This company refused _____________ (cooperate) with us. to cooperate 2. 当不定式（短语）在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，常用it 作形式宾语，常见动词有 find, think, make, consider, feel, suppose等。 He makes it a rule never to borrow money. We find it very important __________ (learn) English well. to learn Rewrite the following sentences, using to-infinitives. (1) The next dish that the cook will prepare is Kung Pao Chicken. (attributive). (2) The preparation of home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable. (subject) (3) Her dream is that she will open a restaurant some day. (predicative) The next dish to be prepared by the cook is Kung Pao Chicken. To prepare home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable./ It is easy and enjoyable to prepare home-cooked meals. Her dream is to open a restaurant some day. B1 Rewrite the following sentences, using to-infinitives. (4) We will put the potatoes in the pot first in order that they will be cooked quickly. (adverbial of purpose) (5) I consider the Soup of the Day as the best option on the menu. (object complement) The next dish to be prepared by the cook is Kung Pao Chicken. To prepare home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable./ It is easy and enjoyable to prepare home-cooked meals. B1 Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre.(1) _________ (locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable (2) _________ (see) the scenery outside while having your meal. Since it takes about an hour(3) ________ (turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is (4) _________ (sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. Located to see to turn to sit B2 Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls (5) ________ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes, (6) ________ (range) from Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea (7) ________ (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals (8) __________ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion. painted ranging to invite to be B2 THANK YOU MILK $$