Unit 3 Period Two Part Ⅱ Grammar—The Passive（Word教参） -【状元桥·优质课堂】2021-2022学年新教材高中英语必修第一册（北师大版）

Part Ⅱ　Grammar—The Passive 感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 1．Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. 2．First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom. 3．Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door. 4．It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives. 5．Fireworks were being let off across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky. 6．Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents… 7．Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept. 8．Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practised by people across the country. 一般现在时的被动语态的构成是：am/is/are＋done，如　句1、句4、句6　；一般过去时的被动语态的构成是：was/were＋done，如 句2、句3 ；现在进行时的被动语态的构成是：am/is/are＋being＋done，如 句8 ；过去进行时的被动语态的构成是：was/were＋being＋done如 句5 ；现在完成时的被动语态的构成是：have/has been＋done，如 句7 。 一、被动语态的概述 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。 三、在下列情况下使用被动语态 1．不知道或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 ►The bridge was built ten years ago. 这座桥是十年前建造的。 2．强调动作的承受者。 ►Your plan is considered to be practical. 你的计划被认为是实用的。 3．动作的执行者是无生命的事物。 ►The window was blown open by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。 4．在书面语中，特别是在科技报告和新闻报道中，被动语态比主动语态更正式。 ►The International Space Station has been built in the Earth's orbit. 国际空间站已经在地球轨道上建成了。 5．习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born, determine, devote, seat, dress, situate等。 ►She was born into a musical family. 她生于音乐之家。 四、被动语态的形式 时态 被动语态 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done Visitors are requested not to touch the picture.游客被要求不能触摸这幅画。 一般过去时 was/were＋done I was given ten minutes to decide whether to go.我被给予十分钟决定是否去。 一般将来时 (1)will/shall＋be＋done (2)am/is/are＋going to＋be＋done Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.如果工厂关闭的话，数以百计的工作机会将会消失。 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋done Some animals are not being protected well enough. 有些动物没有受到很好的保护。 过去进行时 was/were＋being＋done A meeting was