内容正文:
过去完成时
1. 过去完成时结构:
had+done
2. 过去完成时的功能:
(1) 表示在过去某个动作之前已经发生、完成的动作或情况。
·They had got everything ready before I came.
在我来之前, 他们已经把一切都准备好了。
(2) 表示在过去某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作或情况(常见的时间状语:by the end of+过去的时间;by+过去的时间;by the time+过去的时间; before+过去的时间)。
·We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
到上学期末为止,我们已经学了两千多个英语单词。
·They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
上星期三之前他们已经种了600棵树。
(3) 表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
·He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就一直在那家工厂工作。
·When Mary arrived she found all her children had been asleep for nearly two hours.
玛丽到达时发现她的孩子们已经睡了将近两个小时了。
(4) 表示愿望、打算的词,如intend, think, hope, mean, suppose, want, expect, plan, suppose…等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示本来希望、打算、想要做但未曾实现的事。
·We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasn't at home.
我们本想把这个消息告诉她的,但是发现她不在家。
·He had wanted to help you but he had no time then.
他本想帮助你的, 但他当时没有时间。
(5) 过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间