Unit 1 The mass media 过去完成时（核心语法精练）英语译林版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 以“概念-用法-辨析-技巧”为逻辑链系统构建过去完成时专项训练，融合知识回顾与分层题型，突出解题方法提炼与语言能力、思维品质培育。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|5大模块+3类表格|总结必用标志词、可替换规则、倒装技巧等秒杀策略|从核心概念（过去的过去）到四大用法、固定句型，再到与现在完成时/一般过去时的辨析，形成完整认知链条| |考点夯基|单选10题+语法填空10题|针对动作先后、截至过去时间等核心用法设题，强化技巧应用|通过基础题型巩固句式结构与四大核心用法，落实易错点突破| |综合提升|语法填空1篇+阅读1篇|结合模考真题考查时态在语篇中的综合运用|从单句到语篇，提升语境中时态判断与逻辑分析能力，体现语言能力与思维品质的融合|

函学科网·上好课 一、 单项选择 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.A 二、单句语法填空 1.had crowded 2. 6 had completed 个 一、语法填空 1.whose 2.had made 6.pointed 7.to find www.zxxk.com 上好每一堂课 Unit1核心语法精练 (过去完成时) 考点夯基 had placed 3.had gathered 4.had left 5.had grown had amounted 8.had learned 9.had handed 10.had set 综合提升 3.finest 4.be chosen 5.curiosity 8.gently 9.surrounding 10.on 1/2 品学科网·上好课 二、阅读理解 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B www.zxxk.com 上好每一堂课 2/2 Unit 1核心语法精练 （过去完成时） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 3 一、单项选择 3 二、单句语法填空 5 三、综合提升 8 一、语法填空（模考真题） 8 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 9 过去完成时 一、基本概念与句式结构 项目 详细内容 经典例句 核心概念 表示过去的过去：在过去某一时间/某动作之前，已经完成或发生的动作。时间轴：过去更早动作 → 过去参照时间 → 现在 She had finished this task by the end of last weekend. 她上个周末之前就完成了这项任务。 基本公式 had + 过去分词（所有人称统一用had，无单复数变化） She had finished homework by 10:00 yesterday.昨天十点前，她就把作业写完了。 肯定句 主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他 Tom had finished his homework by 8 last night.昨晚8点前，汤姆就完成了作业。 否定句 主语 + hadn’t + 过去分词 + 其他 Tom hadn’t finished his homework by 8 last night. 昨晚8点前，汤姆没能完成作业。 一般疑问句 Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Had Tom finished his homework by 8 last night? 昨晚8点前，汤姆完成作业了吗？ 被动语态 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 His homework had been finished by 8 last night.他的作业昨晚8点前被写完了。 二、四大核心用法 用法分类 用法解析 典型例句 1. 动作先后对比 两个过去动作，先发生用过去完成时，后发生用一般过去时 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.（小偷逃跑→先发生；警察到达→后发生） 2. 截至过去时间 搭配 by/by the end of/before + 过去时间，表示“截至过去某时已完成” By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.截至去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆车。 3. 未实现的愿望 用于 want/hope/intend 等词，表示过去计划、愿望落空 I had wanted to help you, but I was too busy then.我是想帮你的，但是那个时候太忙了。 4. 宾语从句时态呼应 主句为一般过去时，从句动作发生在主句之前，用过去完成时 Jim said that he had learned some Chinese before.吉姆说他之前学过一些中文。 三、高频固定句型 固定句型 用法规则 例句 It was the first/second...time that... 从句必须用过去完成时 It was the second time that he had seen his grandpa.这是他第二次见他的爷爷。 It was + 时间段 + since... since从句用过去完成时 It was 3 years since we had left China.我们离开中国已经3年了。 hardly had...when... no sooner had...than... 一……就……句首倒装，主句过去完成时 No sooner had he arrived than he left again.他刚一到就又离开了。 wish + 宾语从句（过去） 对过去事实虚拟，用had done He wishes he had passed the exam last term.他希望上学期通过了考试。 四、重难点时态辨析 对比时态 核心区别 例句对比 过去完成时 VS 现在完成时 现在完成时：连接过去与现在（so far/today） 过去完成时：只属于过去的过去，与现在无关 1. I have learned 1000 words so far.（至今） 2. I had learned 1000 words till then.（截止过去那时） 过去完成时 VS 一般过去时 一般过去时：单纯描述过去动作 过去完成时：强调过去动作的先后顺序 1. They had arrived by ten yesterday.（十点前到的） 2. They arrived at ten yesterday.（十点准时到的） 五、解题秒杀技巧（高频易错点） · 必用过去完成时标志词：by + 过去时间、by the end of + 过去年份、before + 过去动作、till then 例句 1：By the end of last year, we had learned 2000 words. 到去年年底为止，我们已经学了 2000 个单词。 例句 2：The train had left before I got to the station. 在我赶到车站之前，火车就已经开走了。 · 可替换规则：before/after/as soon as 连接两个过去动作，可统一用一般过去时，无需过去完成时 例句 1：After he finished his homework, he went out to play. 做完作业后，他出去玩了。 例句 2：As soon as she arrived home, she turned on the TV. 她一到家就打开了电视。 · 倒装必考：hardly/no sooner 放句首，主句had提前，构成部分倒装 例句 1：Hardly had he sat down when the bell rang. 他刚一坐下，铃声就响了。 例句 2：No sooner had we left than it began to rain. 我们刚出门，天就下起雨来了。 一、单项选择 1.By the first day of August, 2017, the PLA________for ninety years. A. founded B. has founded C. has been found D. had been founded 【答案】D 【解析】考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：到 2017 年 8 月 1 日为止，中国人民解放军已经成立 90 年了。by + 过去时间（2017 年 8 月 1 日）是过去完成时标志；PLA 与 found（建立）是被动关系，结构为 had been + 过去分词。A 一般过去时主动；B 现在完成时主动；C 动词 found（建立）过去分词为 founded，found 是 find（发现）的过去分词，形式错误。故选 D。 2.We _________ that you would come, but you didn’t. A. had hoped B. hoped C. has hoped D. hopes 【答案】A 【解析】考查过去完成时表未实现的愿望。句意：我们原本希望你会来，但你没来。hope 的动作发生在 didn’t（过去）之前，属于 “过去的过去”；had hoped 表示原本抱有希望，最后落空。B 一般过去时无法体现动作先后；C 现在完成时、D 一般现在时时间不符。故选 A。 3.Our plan failed because we_______a big mistake. A. have made B. had been making C. would be making D. had made 【答案】D 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我们的计划失败了，因为我们之前犯了一个大错。“犯错” 发生在 “计划失败（failed，一般过去时）” 之前，是过去的过去，用 had + 过去分词。A 现在完成时；B 过去完成进行时强调持续，本句只强调完成；C 过去将来进行时逻辑不通。故选 D。 4. — Why didn’t you call me last night? — Oh, sorry. I ______ you, but I forgot my phone number. A. intended to call B. had intended to call C. have intended to call D. was intending to call 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去完成时表未曾实现的打算。 句意：—— 你昨晚为什么不给我打电话？—— 抱歉，我本来打算给你打电话的，可我忘了你的手机号。 had intended to do 表示过去本打算做，但最终没做成，打算这个想法发生在 “昨晚没打电话” 这个过去动作之前，属于过去的过去； A 一般过去时无法体现计划落空；C 现在完成时时间不匹配；D 过去进行时无 “原本计划落空” 含义。5.The news of the earthquake ______ when a large quantity of relief supplies _______ to the disaster-stricken area． A. was hardly spread；was delivered B. was hardly spread；were delivered C. had hardly spread；was delivered D. had hardly spread；were delivered 【答案】D 【解析】考查 hardly…when… 倒装与时态、主谓一致。句意：地震消息一传开，大批救援物资就被送往灾区。hardly…when… 固定句型，主句动作先发生用过去完成时 had done；a large quantity of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，supplies 为复数，be 动词用 were。故选 D。 6. When I arrived at the theatre, the movie ______ for 15 minutes. A. has started B. had begun C. had been on D. was on 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去完成时与延续性动词。 句意：当我到达电影院时，电影已经播放 15 分钟了。 “电影放映” 发生在 “到达影院（arrived，一般过去时）” 之前，属于过去的过去，要用过去完成时，排除 A、D； begin/start 是短暂性动词，不能和时间段 for 15 minutes 连用；be on 表示 “（电影）正在放映”，为延续性状态，符合时间段搭配要求，故选 C。 7.That was the first time Dad ________ me in a moment of emergency． A. counts on B. counted on C. had counted on D. has counted on 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定句型时态。句意：那是第一次爸爸在危急时刻依靠我。固定句型 That was the first time that…，that 从句必须使用过去完成时 had done。A 一般现在时；B 一般过去时；D 现在完成时（主句为 is 时使用）。故选 C。 8. She told me that she ______ abroad before she graduated from college. A. never went B. has never gone C. had never been D. was never 【答案】C 【解析】 主句谓语 told 为一般过去时，“出国” 发生在 “告诉” 之前，是过去的过去，要用过去完成时 had done； have been abroad 出过国（延续状态，符合语境）。 句意：她告诉我，她大学毕业前从未出过国。 9. It was the first time that I ______ such a wonderful painting. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. see 【答案】C 【解析】 固定句型 It was the first time that…，从句必须使用过去完成时 had done。 句意：那是我第一次见到如此精美的画作。 10.The lady insisted that the young man ________ her wallet and that he should be sent to the police station at once. A. had stolen B. steal C. has stolen D. stole 【答案】A 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：这位女士坚持说那个年轻人偷了她的钱包，要求立刻把他送去警局。insist 此处表 “坚持认为（事实）”，不用虚拟；“偷钱包” 发生在女士说话（insisted 过去式）之前，是过去的过去，用 had stolen。B 动词原形是表建议的虚拟语气；C 现在完成时；D 一般过去时无法体现动作先后。故选 A。 二、单句语法填空 1．Before the concert even started, fans (crowd) around the stadium entrance. 【答案】had crowded 【详解】考查时态。句意：音乐会还没开始，歌迷们就已经挤满了体育场的入口。根据句意可知，crowd“聚集，使拥挤”这一动作发生在started之前，表示“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时had done。故填had crowded。 2．Waving a pole that she (place) inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole dancing show. 【答案】had placed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：陌生人挥舞着她之前放在家里的杆子，就像在表演钢管舞。设空处为定语从句“that she... inside her home before”中的谓语动词，根据语境和时间状语before可知，place的动作发生在主句谓语动词was之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时“had +过去分词”，place的过去分词为placed。故填had placed。 3．It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people (gather) under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes’ time. 【答案】had gathered 【详解】考查时态。句意：那是一年的最后一天，一大群人已经聚集在市政厅的大钟下。再过20分钟，大钟就要敲响12点了。根据was可知，句子描述过去的情况，且结合语意，gather这一动作已经完成，应使用过去完成时。故填had gathered。 4．By the time we arrived at the railway station, the train (leave) before we could check in our luggage. 【答案】had left 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们到达火车站时，火车在我们办理行李托运前就已经开走了。根据时间状语“By the time we arrived at the railway station”可知，leave“离开”这一动作发生在arrived之前，属于“过去的过去”，时态用过去完成时，谓语用had left。故填had left。 5．By the Song Dynasty, it (grow) into a highly-developed art capable of relating stories of the Three Kingdoms before the rise of traditional Chinese opera. 【答案】had grown 【详解】考查时态。句意：到了宋代，在中国传统戏曲兴起之前，它已经发展成为一种高度发达的艺术形式，能够讲述三国故事。By the Song Dynasty表示“到宋朝为止”，强调grow into“成长为”这一动作到到宋代已经完成，时态用过去完成时，谓语用had grown。故填had grown。 6．By the end of last year, the translator (complete) the translated edition of the novel successfully. 【答案】had completed 【详解】考查时态。句意：到去年年底，这位翻译家成功地完成了这部小说的译本。complete“完成”。根据时间状语“By the end of last year”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点前已完成的动作，时态用过去完成时，谓语用had completed。故填had completed。 7．By the end of the last century, plastic waste in the ocean (amount) up to a level which made scientists concerned globally. 【答案】had amounted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到上世纪末，海洋中的塑料垃圾已达到令全球科学家担忧的水平。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“by the end of the last century”可知，此处使用过去完成时，谓语动词需用“had +过去分词”形式，amount的过去分词为amounted。故填had amounted。 8．She (learn) English for three years before she went to college. 【答案】had learned 【详解】考查时态。句意：她上大学前已经学了三年英语了。由for three years before she went to college可知，学英语发生在上大学之前，用过去完成时。故填had learned。 9．The young man insisted that he （hand）in the paper on time. 【答案】had handed 【详解】考查时态。句意：这个年轻人坚持说他已经按时交了论文。根据句意可知，本句中的insist表示“坚持说(某个事实或观点)”，其后的宾语从句应使用陈述语气，并根据实际时间关系选择时态。本题中，“hand in the paper(交论文)”先于“insist(坚持说)”，且insisted用的是过去式，说明hand in的动作发生在过去的过去，因此应用过去完成时(had done)。故填had handed。 10．By the time we reached the mountain top, the sun (set) behind the clouds. 【答案】had set 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们到达山顶时，太阳已经落在云层后面了。空处作主句的谓语，根据“By the time we reached the mountain top”可知，太阳“落在”云层后面发生在“到达山顶”之前，即过去的过去，时态应用过去完成时。故填had set。 一、语法填空 In ancient China lived an artist,(1)_________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation (2) _________ (make) him proud until one day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done. He called all great artists to come and present their (3) _________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would (4) _________ (choose), but when he presented his master piece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River - perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world. Filled with (5)____________(curious), the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and (6) _________ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out (7)_________ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved (8) _________ (gentle) along the river, he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft cloud (9) _________ (surround)the mountaintops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist(10) _________ the Earth, Mother Nature. 1.【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。先行词 an artist，空后有名词 paintings，二者是所属关系 “这位画家的画作”，用关系代词 whose 作 paintings 的定语。 2.【答案】had made 【解析】考查过去完成时。主句 “名声让他骄傲” 发生在过去动作 “皇帝想要画像（wanted 一般过去时）” 之前，属于 “过去的过去”，用 had + 过去分词 make 的过去分词为 made。 3.【答案】finest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。后文 the best 提示，皇帝让所有人呈上最好的作品，fine 最高级为 finest。 4.【答案】be chosen 【解析】考查被动语态。主语 he（画家）和 choose 是被动关系 “被选中”；would 为情态动词，后接动词原形，被动结构为 be done。 5.【答案】curiosity 【解析】考查词性转换。介词 with 后需接名词，curious 是形容词，名词形式为 curiosity（好奇心）。filled with curiosity 满怀好奇。 6.【答案】pointed 【解析】考查一般过去时。and 连接并列谓语，前面 smiled 为一般过去时，point 也要用过去式 pointed。 7.【答案】to find 【解析】考查固定搭配。set out to do sth. 动身 / 着手去做某事，不定式作目的状语。 8.【答案】gently 【解析】考查副词。修饰动词 moved 要用副词，gentle 形容词，副词形式 gently（平缓地，轻柔地）。 9.【答案】surrounding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。see sth. doing sth. 看见某物正在做某事；and 并列 the mists rising 与 cloud surrounding，均为现在分词作宾语补足语。 10.【答案】on 【解析】考查固定介词搭配。on the Earth 在地球上，固定短语。 二、阅读理解 A A 15-year-old scientist and inventor has been named as Time’s first ever Kid of the Year. Rao is a high school student from Colorado. She was chosen from 5, 000 U. S. -based nominees (被提名的人). Time said in a statement that Rao stood out for her ability to apply scientific ideas to real-world problems and her efforts to motivate other kids to take up their own causes. Rao told the Associated Press that “the prize is nothing that I could have ever imagined. And I’m so grateful and just so excited that we’re really taking a look at the upcoming generation and our generation, since the future is in our hands. ” She insists that starting out small doesn’t matter, as long as you’re enthusiastic about it. It’s just the latest recognition for the teenager, who was named last year to the Forbes 30 Under 30 list. Rao won praise in 2017 after she developed a portable device(设备) to detect lead (铅) in water. She went on to cooperate with scientists in the water industry to try to get the device on the market. The young scientist has also developed an app called Kindly that uses artificial intelligence to help prevent cyberbullying (网络欺凌). It allows teens to type in a word or phrase to find out if the words they’re using are hurtful and amount to(等于)bullying, and thus should be avoided. In an interview with Time, Rao said that her pursuits(追求) in science started early as a way to improve conditions in society. In a world where science is increasingly questioned or challenged, Rao insists that its pursuit is an important act of kindness. It is the best way that a younger generation can better the world. Science and technology are being employed as never before to handle various issues, such as global warming, the outbreak of disease and so on, she noted. “We have science in everything we’re involved in, and I think that’s the biggest thing to put out there, that science is cool, invention is cool, and anybody can be an inventor, ”Rao said. “ Anybody can do science. ” 1. What is one of the reasons for Rao being honored by Time? A. The up-to-date ideas she had come up with. B. The large amounts of time she had devoted. C. The influence she has on young generations. D. The optimistic attitude she holds to the future. 2. Rao’s inventions mentioned in the passage can be described as______.   A. functional B. environment-friendly C. efficient D. money-saving 3. What contributes to Rao’s enthusiasm for science? A. Her tolerance for problems. B. Her amazing brain power. C. Her exposure to challenges. D. Her concern about society. 4. What can be a suitable title for the passage? A. High School Student Struggling for Big Dream B. Young Scientist Named TIME’s Kid of the Year C. Scientific Achievements Applied to Our Real Life D. Advanced Inventions Used in Bettering the World 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道, 讲述的是来自科罗拉多州的年仅15岁的高中生Rao, 以科学家和发明家的身份被美国《时代周刊》评为第一个“年度儿童”。 1. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第三句“Time said in a statement that Rao stood out for her ability. . . take up their own causes. ”可知, Rao被《时代周刊》授予荣誉是因为她对年轻一代的鼓励和影响。故选C。 2. 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。由第三段第二句“Rao won praise in 2017 after she developed a portable device to detect lead in water. ”和第四段“The young scientist has also developed. . . help prevent cyberbullying ”. 可知, Rao所研究的发明都是比较具有功能性的发明。故选A。 3. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。由第五段第一句“In an interview with Time, Rao said that her pursuits in science started early as a way to improve conditions in society. ”可知, Rao追求科学的热情来源于她对社会的关心。故选D。 4. 【答案】B 【解析】标题归纳题。由第一段“A 15-year-old scientist and inventor has been named as Time’s first ever Kid of the Year. ”可知, 这篇文章的题目应该是“年轻科学家被《时代周刊》评为‘年度儿童’”。故选B。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1核心语法精练 （过去完成时） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 3 一、单项选择 3 二、单句语法填空 5 三、综合提升 8 一、语法填空（模考真题） 8 二、阅读理解（模考真题） 9 过去完成时 一、基本概念与句式结构 项目 详细内容 经典例句 核心概念 表示过去的过去：在过去某一时间/某动作之前，已经完成或发生的动作。时间轴：过去更早动作 → 过去参照时间 → 现在 She had finished this task by the end of last weekend. 她上个周末之前就完成了这项任务。 基本公式 had + 过去分词（所有人称统一用had，无单复数变化） She had finished homework by 10:00 yesterday.昨天十点前，她就把作业写完了。 肯定句 主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他 Tom had finished his homework by 8 last night.昨晚8点前，汤姆就完成了作业。 否定句 主语 + hadn’t + 过去分词 + 其他 Tom hadn’t finished his homework by 8 last night. 昨晚8点前，汤姆没能完成作业。 一般疑问句 Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Had Tom finished his homework by 8 last night? 昨晚8点前，汤姆完成作业了吗？ 被动语态 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 His homework had been finished by 8 last night.他的作业昨晚8点前被写完了。 二、四大核心用法 用法分类 用法解析 典型例句 1. 动作先后对比 两个过去动作，先发生用过去完成时，后发生用一般过去时 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.（小偷逃跑→先发生；警察到达→后发生） 2. 截至过去时间 搭配 by/by the end of/before + 过去时间，表示“截至过去某时已完成” By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.截至去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆车。 3. 未实现的愿望 用于 want/hope/intend 等词，表示过去计划、愿望落空 I had wanted to help you, but I was too busy then.我是想帮你的，但是那个时候太忙了。 4. 宾语从句时态呼应 主句为一般过去时，从句动作发生在主句之前，用过去完成时 Jim said that he had learned some Chinese before.吉姆说他之前学过一些中文。 三、高频固定句型 固定句型 用法规则 例句 It was the first/second...time that... 从句必须用过去完成时 It was the second time that he had seen his grandpa.这是他第二次见他的爷爷。 It was + 时间段 + since... since从句用过去完成时 It was 3 years since we had left China.我们离开中国已经3年了。 hardly had...when... no sooner had...than... 一……就……句首倒装，主句过去完成时 No sooner had he arrived than he left again.他刚一到就又离开了。 wish + 宾语从句（过去） 对过去事实虚拟，用had done He wishes he had passed the exam last term.他希望上学期通过了考试。 四、重难点时态辨析 对比时态 核心区别 例句对比 过去完成时 VS 现在完成时 现在完成时：连接过去与现在（so far/today） 过去完成时：只属于过去的过去，与现在无关 1. I have learned 1000 words so far.（至今） 2. I had learned 1000 words till then.（截止过去那时） 过去完成时 VS 一般过去时 一般过去时：单纯描述过去动作 过去完成时：强调过去动作的先后顺序 1. They had arrived by ten yesterday.（十点前到的） 2. They arrived at ten yesterday.（十点准时到的） 五、解题秒杀技巧（高频易错点） · 必用过去完成时标志词：by + 过去时间、by the end of + 过去年份、before + 过去动作、till then 例句 1：By the end of last year, we had learned 2000 words. 到去年年底为止，我们已经学了 2000 个单词。 例句 2：The train had left before I got to the station. 在我赶到车站之前，火车就已经开走了。 · 可替换规则：before/after/as soon as 连接两个过去动作，可统一用一般过去时，无需过去完成时 例句 1：After he finished his homework, he went out to play. 做完作业后，他出去玩了。 例句 2：As soon as she arrived home, she turned on the TV. 她一到家就打开了电视。 · 倒装必考：hardly/no sooner 放句首，主句had提前，构成部分倒装 例句 1：Hardly had he sat down when the bell rang. 他刚一坐下，铃声就响了。 例句 2：No sooner had we left than it began to rain. 我们刚出门，天就下起雨来了。 一、单项选择 1.By the first day of August, 2017, the PLA________for ninety years. A. founded B. has founded C. has been found D. had been founded 2.We _________ that you would come, but you didn’t. A. had hoped B. hoped C. has hoped D. hopes 3.Our plan failed because we_______a big mistake. A. have made B. had been making C. would be making D. had made 4. — Why didn’t you call me last night? — Oh, sorry. I ______ you, but I forgot my phone number. A. intended to call B. had intended to call C. have intended to call D. was intending to call 5.The news of the earthquake ______ when a large quantity of relief supplies _______ to the disaster-stricken area． A. was hardly spread；was delivered B. was hardly spread；were delivered C. had hardly spread；was delivered D. had hardly spread；were delivered 6. When I arrived at the theatre, the movie ______ for 15 minutes. A. has started B. had begun C. had been on D. was on 7.That was the first time Dad ________ me in a moment of emergency． A. counts on B. counted on C. had counted on D. has counted on 8. She told me that she ______ abroad before she graduated from college. A. never went B. has never gone C. had never been D. was never 9. It was the first time that I ______ such a wonderful painting. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. see 10.The lady insisted that the young man ________ her wallet and that he should be sent to the police station at once. A. had stolen B. steal C. has stolen D. stole 二、单句语法填空 1．Before the concert even started, fans (crowd) around the stadium entrance. 2．Waving a pole that she (place) inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole dancing show. 3．It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people (gather) under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes’ time. 4．By the time we arrived at the railway station, the train (leave) before we could check in our luggage. 5．By the Song Dynasty, it (grow) into a highly-developed art capable of relating stories of the Three Kingdoms before the rise of traditional Chinese opera. 6．By the end of last year, the translator (complete) the translated edition of the novel successfully. 7．By the end of the last century, plastic waste in the ocean (amount) up to a level which made scientists concerned globally. 8．She (learn) English for three years before she went to college. 9．The young man insisted that he （hand）in the paper on time. 10．By the time we reached the mountain top, the sun (set) behind the clouds. 一、语法填空 In ancient China lived an artist,(1)_________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation (2) _________ (make) him proud until one day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done. He called all great artists to come and present their (3) _________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would (4) _________ (choose), but when he presented his master piece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River - perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world. Filled with (5)____________(curious), the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and (6) _________ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out (7)_________ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved (8) _________ (gentle) along the river, he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft cloud (9) _________ (surround)the mountaintops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist(10) _________ the Earth, Mother Nature. 二、阅读理解 A A 15-year-old scientist and inventor has been named as Time’s first ever Kid of the Year. Rao is a high school student from Colorado. She was chosen from 5, 000 U. S. -based nominees (被提名的人). Time said in a statement that Rao stood out for her ability to apply scientific ideas to real-world problems and her efforts to motivate other kids to take up their own causes. Rao told the Associated Press that “the prize is nothing that I could have ever imagined. And I’m so grateful and just so excited that we’re really taking a look at the upcoming generation and our generation, since the future is in our hands. ” She insists that starting out small doesn’t matter, as long as you’re enthusiastic about it. It’s just the latest recognition for the teenager, who was named last year to the Forbes 30 Under 30 list. Rao won praise in 2017 after she developed a portable device(设备) to detect lead (铅) in water. She went on to cooperate with scientists in the water industry to try to get the device on the market. The young scientist has also developed an app called Kindly that uses artificial intelligence to help prevent cyberbullying (网络欺凌). It allows teens to type in a word or phrase to find out if the words they’re using are hurtful and amount to(等于)bullying, and thus should be avoided. In an interview with Time, Rao said that her pursuits(追求) in science started early as a way to improve conditions in society. In a world where science is increasingly questioned or challenged, Rao insists that its pursuit is an important act of kindness. It is the best way that a younger generation can better the world. Science and technology are being employed as never before to handle various issues, such as global warming, the outbreak of disease and so on, she noted. “We have science in everything we’re involved in, and I think that’s the biggest thing to put out there, that science is cool, invention is cool, and anybody can be an inventor, ”Rao said. “ Anybody can do science. ” 1. What is one of the reasons for Rao being honored by Time? A. The up-to-date ideas she had come up with. B. The large amounts of time she had devoted. C. The influence she has on young generations. D. The optimistic attitude she holds to the future. 2. Rao’s inventions mentioned in the passage can be described as______.   A. functional B. environment-friendly C. efficient D. money-saving 3. What contributes to Rao’s enthusiasm for science? A. Her tolerance for problems. B. Her amazing brain power. C. Her exposure to challenges. D. Her concern about society. 4. What can be a suitable title for the passage? A. High School Student Struggling for Big Dream B. Young Scientist Named TIME’s Kid of the Year C. Scientific Achievements Applied to Our Real Life D. Advanced Inventions Used in Bettering the World 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $