第二章 名词精讲与精练（学生版+教师版）-2022届高考高三英语复习

第二章 名词精讲与精练 一、名词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空 It was late at night.Two[1]_________(German) were sleeping in their room when,suddenly,one of them,Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three [2]___________(thousand) dollars in her pocket. “What should I do? Many [3]_________(thief) usually bring [4]________(knife) with them,” She thought in [5]______ (silent). And at the same time the thief happened to touch a [6]________(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went to the next room where two [7]__________(Frenchman)were sleeping. When he was looking for [8]_________(money) or some [9]___________(jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the [10]_______ (policeman). And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police came up. Before the thief ran away,the police caught him. For Mrs. Green,it was really an unusual experience. Keys:1.Germans 2.thousand 3.thieves 4.knives 5.silence 6.sports 7.Frenchmen 8.money 9.jewels/jewelry【jewel的复数直接加s;jewelry为不可数名词，表示jewel的总称。】 10.police【police可以表示警察，警方，警察部门； call the police报警】 二、名词考点精讲： 名词考点1、名词的数 1.名词的分类： (1)专有名词：专有名词无复数形式。 ①由普通名词构成的专有名词要加定冠词the,如：the Great Wall。 ②the+姓氏名复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens(格林一家人)。 (2)普通名词：普通名词又分个体名词，集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词和集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。 ①个体名词:表示单个的人和事物。如car(汽车)、room(房间)、 fan(风扇)、photo(照片) ②集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如 family(家庭)、army(军队)、government(政府)、group(集团) ③物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。如 fire(火)、steel(钢)、air (空气)、water(水)、milk(牛奶) ④抽象名词:表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。如 labor( 劳动)、health(健康)、life (生活)、friendship(友情)、patience(耐心) 2.可数名词复数的变化规则 (1).一般情况加s : book-- books，house---houses (2).以s、sh、ch、x结尾的加es: class--- classes，box----boxes，match----matches (3).辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为 i加es: city---cities country----countries，factory----factories (4).以 o 结尾的词：有生命的词加es,无生命的词加s: hero---heroes,potato---potatoes;radio-- radios, zoo---zoos, piano---pianos.