Unit 2 Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing-2020-2021学年新教材高中英语必修第三册新课标辅导【精讲精练】外研版（word）

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing 过去分词作定语 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词通常与其逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系，表示被动或完成。 1．过去分词作定语时的位置 (1)一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。 The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.(前置定语)污染了的水造成了霍乱病的传播。 Many used cars are on sale now，and you can go to find a good one.(前置定语) 很多二手车现在正在甩卖，你可以去找一辆好车。[来源:Zxxk.Com] (2)过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。 The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly. (后置定语)被日常废物污染的河水现在脏且难闻。 His novels loved by many readers are well worth reading.(后置定语)他的小说受很多读者欢迎，很值得读。 2．过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成。 I don’t like the book written by Martin (which was written by Martin)． 我不喜欢马丁写的这本书。 Our class went on a trip organized by our school (which was organized by our school) last Monday. 上周一我们班参加了一次学校组织的旅行。 (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。 The fallen leaves of the wood cover the ground when in fall.秋天时，小树林的落叶覆盖着地面。 The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning. 早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。 3．过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语，相当于非限制性的定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。 The bridge，built last year (＝which was built last year)，is in use now. 这座桥，去年建成，现在已通行。 Paper cuts，used for religious purposes (＝which are used for religious purposes) can be bought in the store. 用于宗教目的的剪纸可以在这家商店里买到。 4．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别 (1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词多表示被动意义。[来源:学科网] The running water (＝The water which runs) in the river is very clear. 河里的流水很清澈。 Nine out of ten women interviewed (＝who were interviewed) about the product said they liked it. 就这个产品被采访的十位妇女中有九位说她们喜欢这个产品。 (2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 We are all living in a changing world (＝a world which/that’s changing)． 我们都生活在瞬息万变的世界里。 The changed world (＝The world which had changed) surprised him. 已经变化了的世界令他吃惊。 [来源:Zxxk.Com] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Things lost(lose) never come again. 2．He was reading a book written(write) by Mark Twain. 3．The man talking(talk) to Tom is his uncle. 4．Prices of daily goods bought(buy) through a computer can