2020-2021学年高一英语牛津译林版必修第三册Unit 4单元过关演练

2020-2021学年高一英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第三册Unit 4单元过关演练

　　本套试卷总分120分。考试时间100分钟。

第一部分　阅读(共两节, 满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5 分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou. It’s the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female physicists—past and present—who actually deserve the prize.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Perhaps the most famous snub(冷落): then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars(射电脉冲星)in 1967, when she was a PhD student at University of Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognized this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a $2.3m Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to The Guardian, “I feel I’ve done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize.”

Lene Hau

Hau is best known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2019 be Hau’s year?

Vera Rubin

Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without recognition from the committee.

Chien-Shiung Wu

Wu’s “Wu experiment” helped disprove the “law of conservation of parity(宇称守恒定律)”. Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured, and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work behind the study.

Lise Meitner

Meitner led groundbreaking work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was won by her male co-leader, Otto Hahn.

(　　)1.When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognized by the Nobel committee?

A.In 1944. B.In 1967. C.In 1974. D.In 1980.

(　　)2.Which woman is most likely to win a Nobel Prize later according to the text?

A.Donna Strickland.  B.Jocelyn Bell Burnell.

C.Lene Hau.  D.Vera Rubin.

(　　)3.What do we know about the five females?

A.The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry.

B.Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry.

C.Lise Meitner’s teacher won a Nobel Prize for her work.

D.All their findings haven’t been recognized by the Nobel committee.

B

Jerome Karle and Isabella Lugoski met in their first physical chemistry class at the University of Michigan in 1940. Jerome Karle was in his first year of doctoral work, Isabella Lugoski was in her last year as an undergraduate(大学本科生), and they were laboratory partners. However, they didn’t get along well at first.

Isabella Lugoski looked back on the past, “I walked into the physical chemistry laboratory and there was a young man in the desk next to mine with his equipment all set up running his experiment. I don’t think I was very polite about my question. I asked him how he got there early and had everything all set up. He didn’t like that. So we didn’t talk to each other for a while.”

Their relationship got going as they competed for the top grade in that course and they started to build connection because both of them were interested in chemistry. They married in 1942. By 1946, both of the Karles had earned doctorates in physical chemistry, and, after a period of time at the University of Chicago working on the Manhattan Project, they moved to Washington D.C. to join the US Naval Research Laboratory.

Each specialized in a different aspect of X-ray crystallography(晶体学): Jerome focused on developing equations(方程式)that could determine how atoms(原子)were arranged inside complex molecules, while Isabella ran practical experiments to test how well the equations worked. Working together, they created what is now called the direct method for determining molecular structures(分子结构), which has allowed scientists to effectively study and copy complex organic molecules to continue further study.

Jerome Karle was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985. Although he was disappointed that the Nobel committee had ignored Isabella’s contribution to that work, she was unfazed. At that point, she had already won more awards and prize money for her experimental work than he had.

(　　)4.What did Isabella Lugoski do when she first met Jerome Karle?

A.She blamed him for his being late. 

B.She set up all his equipment for him.

C.She asked him a question impolitely. 

D.She observed his experiment silently.

(　　)5.What made Jerome Karle and Isabella Lugoski become connected?

A.Their common interest in chemistry. 

B.Their wonderful marriage since 1940.

C.Their pleasant first talk in a laboratory. 

D.Their successful cooperation in courses.

(　　)6.What is Paragraph 4 mainly intended to show?

A.The Karles’ encouraging further study. 

B.The Karles’ good teamwork in science.

C.How the Karles worked with others. 

D.Why the Karles won the Nobel Prize.

(　　)7.Which of the following best explains “unfazed” underlined in the last paragraph?

A.Generous. B.Touched.

C.Shocked. D.Calm.

C

Scientists may have found a way to reduce shortage of type O blood. Type O is the kind of blood that hospitals most often need. What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood.

There are four main kinds of blood. Most people born with one of these four: Type A, Type B, Type AB or Type O. Type O can be safely given to anyone. So it is commonly used when a person is injured or sick and has to have blood.

The differences among blood types are linked to whether or not red blood cells contain certain kinds of sugar molecules(分子). These molecules are found on the surface of the cells. They are known as antigens(抗原). These antigens are found with type A, B and AB blood but not with type O.

More than twenty-five years ago, scientists found that the antigens could be removed to create what they called universal-type cells. They could be removed with chemicals called enzymes(酶). But large amounts of enzymes were required to make the change.

Doctor Henrik Clausen of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark led the study. The next step, he says, is to complete safety tests. The team is working with the American company ZymeQuest to test the new method. If it meets safety requirements and is not too costly, it could become a widely used life-saving tool to increase the supply of universal blood.

(　　)8.How do scientists deal with the problem of lacking type O blood?

A.Hope more people to donate type O blood.

B.Make the most of the present type O blood.

C.Develop new ways of using type O blood.

D.Make type O blood out of other kinds of blood.

(　　)9.What make(s) people have different kinds of blood?