内容正文:
语法专项复习:现在完成时
(Present Perfect)
内蒙古自治区兴安盟扎赉特旗音德尔第三中学 贺俊敏
现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的主要用法
现在完成时的标志词
短暂性动词与时间段的关系
与一般过去时的用法比较
have been to/have gone to/have been in辨析
现在完成时结构回顾
肯定句:主语 + have/ has + 过去分词+其他.
否定句:主语+haven't ( have not) +过去分词+其他. / hasn't ( has not )
疑问句:Have / Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
I haven’t finished my homework.
Have you finished your homework?
I have finished my homework.
结构
Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
谓语:
have / has + 过去分词
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易错辨析
通关训练
过去分词的构成
过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种:
规则变化: 规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式相同。
d) 以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词要先双写尾字母,再加-ed 如: stop-stopped,shop-shopped等。
c) 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 变y 为i 再加-ed,如: carry-carried ,study-studied等;
b) 以e结尾加-d ,如:like-liked, live-lived ;
a) 一般情况下,直接加-ed, 如:play-played,work-worked,water-watered, finish-finished等;
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易错辨析
通关训练
类型 原形 过去式 过去分词
cost
read
meet
catch
come
become
ride
fly
take
eat
ABB
AAA
ABC
ABA
过去分词的构成
cost
cost
read
read
met
met
caught
caught
came
come
rode
ridden
flew
flown
took
taken
ate
eaten
became
become
不规则变化:见不规则动词表(P146-148)。
现在完成时的三大用法
1.表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
The room is clean, because I have cleaned it.
(动词打扫clean发生在过去,对现在的影响:干净。)
2.表示过去开始的某个动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
We have studied English for six years.
3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。
He has never been to Beijing.
He has seen this film three times.
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易错辨析
通关训练
现在完成时的标志词
already 已经(肯)
yet 已经(疑)还(否)
ever 曾经
never 从不
just 刚刚
so far 到目前为止
before以前,之前
recently最近,不久前
次数(once,twice,three times,four times等)
for长达
since自从……以来
in the past / last +时间段( 在过去的……里)
Tom has finished his homework.
Tom hasn’t finished his homework .
易错点1
现在完成时常见标志词辨析
already
/ yet
already
yet
already(已经),用于肯定句的句中或句末。
yet,用于否定句(还)和疑问句(已经),位于句末。
Has he come back ?
yet
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易错辨析
通关训练
易错点2
since/for用法辨析
John has been a teacher 3 years ago.
He has lived in China 2007.
Tom has lived in America he was a chi