2021届新高考高中英语外刊《经济学人》尖子生讲义[B13]提升篇（词汇语法解析阅读写作积累）

2021年新高考高中英语外刊《经济学人》尖子生讲义[B13] 提升篇 （适合学有余力的学霸或英语爱好者、教师使用） （含词汇讲解、长难句解析、翻译技巧、背景知识、写作积累：均由阿满编写） 原文（续[B12]） Open questions If lots of people migrated from war-torn Syria, gangster-plagued Guatemala or chaotic Congo, would they bring mayhem with them? It is an understandable fear (and one that anti-immigrant politicians play on), but there is little besides conjecture and anecdotal evidence to support it. Granted, some immigrants commit crimes, or even headline-grabbing acts of terrorism. But in America the foreign-born are only a fifth as likely to be incarcerated as the native-born. In some European countries, such as Sweden, migrants are more likely to get into trouble than locals, but this is mostly because they are more likely to be young and male. A study of migration flows among 145 countries between 1970 and 2000 by researchers at the University of Warwick found that migration was more likely to reduce terrorism than increase it, largely because migration fosters economic growth. 开放问题 如果许多移民来自遭受战争蹂躏的叙利亚、匪帮横行的危地马拉或混乱的刚果，他们会带来骚乱吗?这是一个可以理解的恐惧(也是为反移民政客们所利用的)，但除了猜测和传闻之外并没有多少证据支持。有些移民确实犯下罪行，甚至是登上头条的恐怖主义行为。但在美国，外国出生者入狱的可能性只有本国出生者的五分之一。在一些欧洲国家如瑞典，移民比当地人更容易惹上麻烦，但这主要是因为他们更有可能是年轻男性。华威大学(University of Warwick)的研究人员对197o年至2ooo年间145个国家的移民流动情况进行了研究发现迁徙更有可能减少而非增加恐怖主义，主要是因为它促进了经济增长。 表达积累 · war-torn 描述一个国家或者城市“饱受战争之苦”就可以使用这个表达 (a war-torn country, city etc is being destroyed by war)。含义相同的还有war-worn   · mayhem 同义于chaos（本段第一句中的chaotic可以理解为由chaos和形容词词缀 -ic 组成），表示“大混乱”、“大破坏” (an extremely confused situation in which people are very frightened or excited)。   · play on 文中这里表示“利用”，尤指为自己的利益利用别人的态度或感情 (to take advantage of (another's attitudes or feelings) for one's own interests) · demagogues who play on popular fears. 煽动者利用了公众的恐惧   · conjecture and anecdotal evidence 在写作中，如果想要表达没有确切的依据（比如科学根据等），仅仅是道听途说和猜测，可以是 ... be based on conjecture and anecdotal evidence · conjecture指“推测”或者“猜测”，也就是基于非结论性的或不完全的证据作出的推论或判断。 · anecdotal指个人层面的奇闻轶事 (consisting of short stories based on someone's personal