内容正文:
2021年新高考高中英语外刊《经济学人》尖子生讲义[B02]
提升篇
(适合学有余力的学霸或英语爱好者、教师使用)
(含词汇讲解、长难句解析、翻译技巧、背景知识、写作积累:均由阿满编写)
原文(续[B01])
Workers become far more productive when they move from a poor country to a rich one. Suddenly, they can join a labour market with ample capital, efficient firms and a predictable legal system. Those who used to scrape a living from the soil with a wooden hoe start driving tractors. Those who once made mud bricks by hand start working with cranes and mechanical diggers. Those who cut hair find richer clients who tip better.
当工人从贫穷国家迁至富裕国家时,他们的生产力会大幅提高。转瞬间他们就可以加入一个资金充足、公司高效、法律体系可预见的劳动力市场。拿着锄头从土里刨食的人开上了拖拉机。手工制作土坯的人用起了起重机和挖掘机。理发师则找到了支付小费时更慷慨的客户。
“Labour is the world’s most valuable commodity—yet thanks to strict immigration regulation, most of it goes to waste,” argue Bryan Caplan and Vipul Naik in “A radical case for open borders”. Mexican labourers who migrate to the United States can expect to earn 150% more. Unskilled Nigerians make 1,000% more.
"劳动力是世界上最有价值的商品,但由于严格的移民法规,大部分都被浪费掉了。”布莱恩·卡普兰(BryanCaptan)和维普尔·奈克(Vipul Naik)在《对开放边界的激进辩护》(A radical case for open borders)一文中写道。移民到美国的墨西哥劳工收入可望提高15o%。非技术性尼日利亚工人收入则可增加1ooo%。
表达积累
如何描述一个“好的”或者“成熟的”劳动力市场 (labour market),通过本段我们可以积累相关的语料:资金充足 (ample capital)、公司高效 (efficient firms)、法律没有朝令夕改的情况 (a predictable legal system)。
· scrape a living
习语,表示“勉强糊口” (earn with difficulty just enough to live on),比如靠卖画糊口就可以表达为I manage to scrape a living by selling my pictures.
这里也和前文中的描述性词汇ample形成了对比,ample即more than enough
· tip
文章中这里可以看出tip除了可以做名词表示“小费”,也可以做动词表示“给小费”(tip the porter 50p 给搬运工50便士小费)
· A radical case for open borders
case for表示“主张”或者“拥护”的含义,对应的是case against
· goes to waste
该短语表示“被浪费掉”(If something goes to waste, it remains unused or has to be thrown away.),来看两个例子:
· So much effort and talent will go to waste if we are forced to drop the film.
· Mexican cookery is economical, she says. Nothing goes to waste.
感谢阿满和朋友们的用心付出
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