2021届新高考高中英语外刊《经济学人》尖子生讲义[B01]提升篇（词汇语法解析阅读写作积累）[B始]

2021年新高考高中英语外刊《经济学人》尖子生讲义[B01] 提升篇 （适合学有余力的学霸或英语爱好者、教师使用） （含词汇讲解、长难句解析、翻译技巧、背景知识、写作积累：均由阿满编写） 原文（[B]篇开始） If borders were open A world of free movement would be $78 trillion richer Yes, it would be disruptive. But the potential gains are so vast that objectors could be bribed to let it happen A HUNDRED-DOLLAR BILL is lying on the ground. An economist walks past it. A friend asks the economist: “Didn’t you see the money there?” The economist replies: “I thought I saw something, but I must have imagined it. If there had been $100 on the ground, someone would have picked it up.” 地上有一张一百美元的钞票。经济学家走过去，视若无睹。一位朋友问：“你没看到钱吗?"经济学家回答说：“我觉得我是看到了什么东西，但这肯定是我的错觉。如果地上真的有1oo美元，肯定已经有人把它捡起来了”。   If something seems too good to be true, it probably is not actually true. But occasionally it is. Michael Clemens, an economist at the Centre for Global Development, an anti-poverty think-tank in Washington, DC, argues that there are “trillion-dollar bills on the sidewalk”. One seemingly simple policy could make the world twice as rich as it is: open borders. 如果有什么东西看起来好到不真实，那很可能它确实不真实。但偶尔也可能是真的。华盛顿特区反贫困智囊团全球发展中心(Centre for Global Development)的经济学家迈克尔·克莱门斯(MichaelClemens)认为，人行道上有"万亿美元的钞票”。一个看似简单的政策可能让世界上的财富翻一番：开放边界。 表达积累 · disruptive disruptive表示“分裂的”或者“破坏性的” (causing problems and preventing something from continuing in its usual way)，它的构词十分规整“disruptive = disrupt + -ive”： · 其中包含的词汇disrupt表示“扰乱”、“破坏”、“瓦解”、“分裂”这类含义 · 后半部分为表示某人或者事物具有某种倾向 (that performs or tends toward an (indicated) action) 的形容词后缀 -ive。 需要注意的是，disruptive在不同语境下词义的程度不同，要灵活处理。比如颠覆或者煽动分子的“破坏行动”可以做disruptive activities讲，但是“爱捣乱的”学生也可以用它来描述：ways to handle disruptive pupils 再举一个大家更熟悉一些的场景，那些在火车或者飞机等公共场合大哭不止的小孩儿，也可以用disruptive来描述 (A screaming baby on a plane can be disruptive.)。   · vast 注意它和huge的词义程度都很高，表示extremely large   · bill bill在美式英语中可以表示“钞票” (a ten-dollar bill 一张十元钞票)，对应的英式英语为note或者banknote“纸币” (a ￡5 note 5英镑的纸币 * Do you want the money in notes or coins? 你要纸币要硬币?) 写作积累 · I thought I saw something, but I must have imagined it. If