2021届河北衡水高中英语经济学人外刊新高考培优讲义[03-20]作文素材阅读理解语法词汇拓展积累

2021年河北衡水高中英语《经济学人》外刊新高考培优讲义[03-20] 作文素材阅读理解语法词汇拓展积累 （含词汇讲解、长难句解析、翻译技巧、背景知识、写作积累：均由阿满编写） 原文（续[03-19]） That begs the broader question of whether AI will further concentrate power among today’s digital giants. It seems likely that the incumbent tech groups will capture many of AI’s gains, given their wealth of data, computing power, smart algorithms and human talent, not to mention a head start on investing. History points to the likelihood of concentration; both databases and personal computers ushered in ascendancies, if only for a while, of a tiny group of tech firms (Oracle and IBM in databases, Microsoft and Apple in personal computers).   这引出了一个更广泛的问题：AI是否会进一步将优势集中到今天的数字巨头手中。鉴于这些大公司拥有丰富的数据、计算能力、智能算法和人才优势，它们很有可能抓住人工智能的诸多好处，更不用说投资先机了。历史表明集中是有可能的：数据库和个人计算机的发展都导致少数科技公司获得了垄断地位，哪怕只是在短时间内，比如Oracle 和IBM在数据库领域、微软和苹果在个人电脑领域。   词汇讲解   · beg the question 文中这里同义于invite or provoke a question   · today’s digital giants, incumbent tech groups incumbent本用在宗教语境中，描述现任宗教职位，后来泛化使用表示“在职的” (It was first used in English for someone holding a church office, and then someone holding any office.)，它现如今则多用在官位上 (You'll most likely hear it today for political officials.)。 · the incumbent president/priest/government etc (the president etc at the present time) 原文中紧挨着的两句里分别使用today’s和incumbent来表达“今天的”科技巨头或数字巨头 (tech groups/digital giants)，英文写作不喜重复用词。   · ascendancy 词汇拆解：ascendancy = ascendant + -cy 构词成分：词缀 -cy 常用以构成名词，可以表示“状态”或“性质” (state or quality of)，也可以表示“等级”、“地位”或“职务” (status or position of) 示例补充：accuracy, supremacy, infancy, baronetcy, chaplaincy · head start head start原本指跑步比赛中“抢先起步的优势” (A start before other contestants in a race. * A runner with a head start may win a race even if she's not the fastest.)，引申使用则和我们常说的“赢在起跑线上”是一个意思 (You'll get a head start in life if your parents have the money and experience to send you to great schools and buy you lots of books.)。 head start的常见搭配有give sb/get/have a head start   翻译技巧   翻译知识点：与人体器官有关的成语 分析：前文中有go head-to-head翻译为“正面交锋”，此处的a head start则为“抢占先机”