14 Unit4 重点词汇与句型讲解-2020-2021学年高一上学期英语知识点梳理(人教版必修1)知识点专题

Book 1 Unit 4　Earthquakes知识点梳理 1.burst vi. 爆裂;爆发 n.突然破裂;爆发 教材原句：In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst  (burst). 【点拨】 burst in/burst into a room闯入;突然破门而入 burst out 突然开始 突然哭起来/笑起来 a burst of...突然的一阵…… ◆单句填空 1　 With a burst laughter, Wang Xifeng burst the room, whose flattering(讨好的)words made Mrs. Jia burst laughter. 2　 Two good  (burst) from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. (2016课标全国Ⅰ) 2.ruin n.毁灭;废墟 vt.毁灭;使破产 教材原句：In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in 　ruins    (ruin). 【点拨】 lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 fall into ruin 衰落,败落 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 ruin oneself 毁掉自己;自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame/future毁掉某人的健康/声誉/前途 [词义辨析] ruin 表示“毁掉、毁坏”,是指在一定过程中逐渐对物体进行破坏。也可用于表示抽象意义 damage 指程度较小的损坏,一般是可以修复的,可用作动词或名词。作名词时通常用作不可数名词,构成词组do/cause damage to sb./sth. destroy 表示“毁坏”,通常指彻底毁掉或毁灭,也可用于损坏抽象的东西,如名誉、计划、信心等 ◆单句填空 1　 Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced  ruins, the city took on a new look. 2　 With time going on, the castle which was once very beautiful is now completely ruins. 3　 Drunk driving not only ruined   (him) but also killed several passers-by. (2018课标全国Ⅱ) ◆用ruin, damage, destroy的适当形式填空 4　 He was injured badly in a big fire, which  the building completely. The accident did much   to his health and    his future. 3.injure vt.损害;伤害 教材原：Two-thirds of them died or 　were injured    (injure)during the earthquake. 【点拨】 (1)injured adj.受伤的 the injured伤员 (2)injury n.伤;伤口;伤害 do oneself an injury伤害某人自己 [点津] the injured作主语时,谓语动词常常使用复数形式。 ◆单句填空 ②These chemicals come from the   (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. (2017课标全国Ⅱ) 4.bury vt.掩埋;埋葬;使隐藏 教材原：The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury     (bury) the dead. 【点拨】 bury...in...把……埋到……里;使……沉浸于…… bury oneself in埋头于;专心于;沉浸于 be buried in埋头于;专心于;沉浸于 [联想] 表示“专心于;致力于”的其他常见短语:be devoted to;be lost/engaged/absorbed in; focus/con