内容正文:
秘笈02 介词和介词短语
介词在英语中比较活跃,然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多,但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。
预计2020年高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词,将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查,精细化考查介词短语的辨析。在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
考向① 常考介词的辨析
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率相当高,其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看,考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别
表示的概念
介词(短语)
区 别
例
时间
in
on
at
at在一个时间点上;
in在一段的时间之内;
on在具体日子。
①at 8 o’clock, at noon
②in the 1990s, in January
③on Monday, on a warm morning
since
from
since 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用;
from指从时间的某一点开始。
①We have not seen each other since 1995.
②I hope to do morning exercises from today.
in,
after
in指在一段时间之后,也可以指一段时间之内=within;
after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中。
①We’ll be back in three days.
②After seven the rain began to fall.
③What shall we do after graduation?
in the end
at the end of
by the end of
in the end作"最后"、"终于"解,单独作句子成分,后不接介词of;at the end of 表示"在……末梢","到……尽头",既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体,不可单独使用;by the end of 作
"在……结束时",
"到……末为止"解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。
①In the end they reached a place of safety.
②At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.
③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.
④By the end of last month he had finished the novel.
位置
between
among
一般说来,between表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间。
①You are to sit between your father and me.
②He is always happy among his classmates.
注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,
强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时,就用between。
①Agreements were made between the different countries.
②The little valley lies between high
mountains.
③They don’t know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.
in
into
in通常表示位置(静态);
into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。
①We walked in the park.
②We walked into the park.
表示的概念
构成
例
动作(表进行概念、表被动的关系)
at+名词
at dinner/table在吃饭 at work在工作 at war交战
at cards 在玩牌 at work 在办公 at play 在玩耍
at rest在休息 at school在上学 at press正在排印
at church在做礼拜
beyond+名词
beyond belief难以置信 beyond control不听管教。
beyond compare无可比拟 beyond description难以形容
beyond expression无法表达