第十讲 时态语态-邦国教育2020高考英语总复习专练

第10讲 时态语态 1、 知识整合 在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。 时态 主动语态形式 被动语态形式 一般现在时 am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时 was/were/did was/were done 现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done 现在完成进行时 has/have been doing / 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 过去完成时 had done had been done 将来完成时 will/shall have done will /shall have been done 一般将来时 will /shall do am/is/are going to do am/is/are coming/leaving am/is/are to do am/is/are about to do will /shall be done am/is/are to be done 过去将来时 would do was going to do was coming/leaving was to do was about to do would be done was/were to be done 将来进行时 will /shall be doing / 考点一 一般现在时 一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。 考点二 一般过去时和现在完成时 一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。 现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。 请区别下列几组句子：[来源:学科网ZXXK] ①He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦) He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了) ②It's two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了) It's two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了) ③This is the first/second/...time (that) I have_visited the school. This was the first/second/...time I had_visited the school. ④ He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书) He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书) ⑤I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人) I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人) 考点三　过去完成时和将来完成时 过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time，hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和no sooner...than... [注]表示原打算做但未做的几种表达： ①I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/... to do...，but... ＝I hoped/expected/... to have done...，but... ＝I would like/lo