第十四讲 介词和代词-邦国教育2020高考英语总复习专练

第十四讲 介词和代词 一、考点梳理 考点一 介词 介词是虚词, 不能单独作句子成分, 必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语, 在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词, 如at, in, for等；合成介词, 如within, inside, onto, throughout等；短语介词, 如according to, out of, because of, by means of, in spite of, instead of等；双重介词, 如from behind/above/under, until after等；分词介词, 如considering, including, judging(from/by)等。 1．介词搭配 (1)“动词＋介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。 ①rob sb.of sth./clear the road of snow(表示“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of连用) ②supply us with food/fill the glass with wine(表示“供给”意义的动词与with连用) ③make a desk of wood/make bread from flour/make the material into a coat(表示“制作、制造”意义的动词与of, from, into连用) ④介词＋the＋部位与动词的关系(＝动词＋sb.'s＋部位, 可换用) strike him on the head(表示“击；拍；碰；摸”意义的动词与on连用) catch him by the arm(表示“抓；拉；拿；扯”意义的动词与by连用) hit the boy in the face(表示“肚；胸；眼；脸”等人体前部的器官名词与in连用) ⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb.from doing sth.(表示“阻止, 禁止”意义的动词与from连用) ⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb.into doing sth.(表示“说服；建议；警告”意义的动词与into连用) ⑦buy(leave, get, win, gain, lose)sth.for sb.(表示“得失”意义的动词与for连用) ⑧tell(show, teach, sing, write, read)sth.to sb.(表示“告知”意义的动词与to连用) ⑨give(allow, promise, pass, hand)sth.to sb.(表示“授予”意义的动词与to连用) 注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth., tell sb.sth., give sb.sth.双宾结构。 ⑩say to sb.(suggest, explain, apologize, murmur, whisper等与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。 (2)同一介词与不同动词搭配, 意义各异。 reply to the letter回信, sing(dance)to the music和……唱(跳), amount to达到, 加起来有……, devote to把……贡献给, drink to为……干杯, object to反对, look forward to渴望, come to苏醒, belong to属于, search for搜……, ask for请求, use...for用作, leave for前往, take...for误以为, call for要求, wait for等待, care for喜欢, make up for弥补损失, turn to求助/救于, help oneself to随意, agree to同意, compare...to把……比作, send for派人去请/拿……, sail for驶向, 起航, set out for动身去, go in for爱好…… (3)常见“形容词＋介词”搭配。 worthy of值得的, glad about sth.for sb.为某人某事高兴, far from离……远, grateful to sb.for sth.为某事感激某人, free from没有……/免除……, proud of/take pride in自豪, satisfied with/by满意, sure of/about确信, fond of喜欢, fit for适合, busy with sth./in doing sth.忙着干某事, full of充满, ready for准备, similar to相似, wrong with不对；有毛病…… (4