内容正文:
主动语态与被动语态
一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
二.被动语态的构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去 分词
三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例:
1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ worked
2. 一般过去时: was / were+ worked
3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ worked
4. 过去将来时: should / would+ worked
5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ worked
6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked
7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked
8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked
9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked
10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked
11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked
12. 情态动词 (can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词
四. 用法:
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。
五. 方法:
Many people speak English.(主动语态)
English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)
六. 注意以下问题:
A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时,可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语,须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for .
用to的常见词有:give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc.
用for的常见词有:make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc.
eg.
1. Mary gave him some books.