题型7 思维品质＋文化意识-《优化指导》2020版高考大一轮核心素养拓展练英语（人教版）

核心素养拓展练(七)　思维品质＋文化意识 [素养解读]　2017版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。随之而来，以后的英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。下面A篇短文是围绕“思维品质”这一核心素养展开的，有助于学生了解一些科普知识：睡觉时大脑会休息吗？B篇短文是围绕“文化意识”这一核心素养展开的，有助于学生了解中国的文学名著。 体裁 主题 学科素养 议论文 科普知识 思维品质 Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? While we sleep, our brains are doing much more than getting ready for the next day. Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning_house. As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. They found that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard, a brain expert, led the study. He says our brains perform two very different jobs. It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing—working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. “When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. Whereas when we are asleep, they work very, very hard at removing harmful waste materials in their head that builds up when we are awake. ” Dr. Nedergaard says these waste end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So our study suggests we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the harmful waste products from the brain. ” Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. She said the results demonstrate just how important sleep is to health and fighting disease. The research may also one