内容正文:
英语构词方法主要有三种:即合成、派生和转化。
一. 转化:名词用作动词,动词转化为名词,形容词用作动词
1. 动词和名词之间的相互转化。有时意思变化不大,有时有一定的变化。
Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday?词义_________词性:_____词
I often go there for a walk. 词义__________词性:________词
Have you booked your ticket?词义__________词性:________词
Hand me your knife, please.词义__________词性:________词
2. 少部分形容词转化为动词。
The train slowed down to half its speed.词义________词性:_______词
Don't dirty your clothes. 词义__________词性:________词
3. 形容词和名词之间的相互转化。
The poor were not allowed to go into this park those days.
词义_________________词性:__________词
They took the sick to hospital yesterday.词义_________词性:_____词
二. 派生
派生词是在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成新词。如:
happy—unhappy (加前缀un-) happy—happily (加后缀-ly)
1. 通过加前缀构成另一个词。
前缀一般不造成词类的转换,但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。常用的前缀有:
前缀 意义 例词
dis- 不,相反的 dislike, disagree,disappear, discover,disapprove,dishonest
im- 不 impossible, impolite,
mis- 错误的 misuse, misunderstand, mistrust,mislead,
re- 重新,再次 rebuild,rewrite, retell
super- 超级,上层 supermarket, superm