牛津上海版高考语法一轮复习之情态动词_教案 学案（2份打包）

教学内容 1.冠词的基本用法以及在各种语境中的灵活运用。 一.情态动词 【知识梳理】 1.概念: 情态动词是表示能力，义务，必须，猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词。无三单变化；否定直接加not（不需其他助动词）；后面加动词原形（不需加非谓语）。 2.情态动词的用法： （1）表示义务：must must表示“必须”，强调主观，用于现在、将来时态，否定式needn't。 have to表示“不得不”，强调客观，用于现在，将来和过去时态。否定式为don't /didn't /doesn't won't have to. （2）表示猜测: must/may/might 75%把握的猜测：must，否定can't，句中通常有证据。 50%把握的猜测：may，否定may not，句中通常有not sure。 25%把握的猜测：might，否定might not，句中通常有not sure。 must猜测的不同时态： ①对现在或将来猜测时跟动词原形。例：You must be a good student. ②对过去猜测时后跟完成时态。例：You must have eaten too much last night. （3）表示请求: might/may/could/can might的语气最客气，甚至有点过分谦卑，may和could最常用，比较客气，can比较生硬。 （4）表示能力: can/be able to 袁示现在或将来的能力时，用can或be able to; 表示过去的能力时，could表示过去的本领；was/were able to表示过去特定环境一次性的 能力。 （5）情态实义双胞胎: need/dare 作为情态动词时，need和dare无三单变化；否定直接加not;后面加动词原形； 作为实义动词时，need和dare有三单变化；否定加do/does/did not;后面加to do/doing sth； （6）had better/would rather 肯定句：had better/would rather do sth． 否定句：had better/would rather not do sth. 疑问句：Had sb. better do sth.?／Would sb. rather do sth.? （7）祈使句回答: will 肯定I will，否定I won't 例：Please clean your chimney next year.-OK,I will. Don't eat too much next year.-OK,I won't. （8）表示指责：can't/shouldn't/ought not to/mustn't 温柔建议：can't; shouldn't; ought not to; 强烈禁止：mustn't，表示危险情形时，必须用mustn't。 【例题精讲】 例1.（2016年常州上学期期末）—How is the smog control going on in our capital city? —It couldn’t be worse. You ________ believe Beijing upgraded the smog alert from yellow to orange and then red again yesterday. A. won't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't 例2.（2017无锡一模）According to the school rule, no child___________be allowed out of the school, unless accompanied by his own parents. A. should B. must C. shall D. can 例3.（2015浙江六校联考）Words failed me when I heard the news of the New Year's Eve stampede in Shanghai． But for lacking a sense of safety, so many people __________ killed or injured． A. Couldn’t be B. Wouldn’t have been C. Mustn’t have been D. Shouldn’t be 例4.Mary________ be in Paris, for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago. A. m