内容正文:
教学内容
1.高中英语句型的基本组成及句子分析。
一.定语从句
【知识梳理】
1.概念:
(1)定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用“……的”表示。
(2)定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句,即,一个句子充当定语。
The man (who lives next to us )sells vegetable.
You must do everything (that I will do at the party).
跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词:
① 先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,通常为名词或代词。
② 关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
③ 关系词梳理:
关系代词:who, whom, which, that, as, whose
关系副词:
when(=in etc.+ which)
where (=in etc.+ which)
why=(for which)
2.使用关系代词要注意的问题:
(1)用that而不用 which的情况:
①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, a few, much, a little等;
②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰;
③先行词有the only, the very, 等词修饰;
④先行词既有人又有物时;
⑤若前面有疑问词which,为了避免重复,关系代词用that。
※the way做先行词,关系代词有三种情况:①that; ②in which; ③省略不填。
e.g. The way that/ in which/不填 he talks to his parents is very impolite.
(2)用which而不用 that的情况:
①引导非限制性定语从句,只用which指物;
②引导非限制性定语从句时代表整个主句的意思;
③介词 + 关系代词,只用which指物;
④先行词本身是that,关系代词用which.
(3)关系代词做主语时,定语从句中的主谓一致:
①从句谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
②“one of +the+复数名词”做先行词,若one前面有限定词(the/the+adj/only…+one),从句谓语与one保持一致,用单数;如果one前面没有限定词(the/the+adj),那么从句谓语动词用复数。
3.关系词whose的用法:
the + 名词+of + whom (which) 的结构= of + whom (which) + the + 名词的结构= whose + 名词。下面三句意思相同,例如:
门开着的那个房间是我的。
The room is mine. Its door is open.
(1)The room whose door is open is mine.
(2)The room the door of which is open is mine.
(3)The room of which the door is open is mine.
分析:这里的关系词whose前面的先行词room和它后面的名词door是所属关系,即:那个房间的门。
4.as作关系代词的用法:
as引导的定语从句常出现于the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…和so…as…结构中。
当定语从句的先行词被the same,such,as 或so修饰时,关系代词可选as,且不能省略。
Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.
注意:
the same…as… vs the same…that…
指代相似的人或物 指同一人或物
This is the same watch as I lost. Where did you buy it?
This is the same watch that I lost. Please return it to me.
such…as… vs such…that…
It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.
It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.
区别:
as引导定语从句,指代的先行词在从句中充当成分,翻译成“像…那样”.
that引导状语从句,只起连接作用,翻译成“如此…以至于…”.
as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句整句话的内容。
区别:
which 不能置于句首,翻译成“这,这件事”
as 可以