内容正文:
教学内容
1.1. 三大从句基本知识;2. 高频词抽查;3. 阅读长难句解析。
一.定语从句
【知识梳理】
1.概念:
(1)定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用“……的”表示。
(2)定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句,即,一个句子充当定语。
The man (who lives next to us )sells vegetable.
You must do everything (that I will do at the party).
跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词:
① 先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,通常为名词或代词。
② 关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
③ 关系词梳理:
关系代词:who, whom, which, that, as, whose
关系副词:
when(=in etc.+ which)
where (=in etc.+ which)
why=(for which)
2.判断关系代词与关系副词:
方法: 用关系代词,看从句是否缺主语、宾语、表语及定语。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
3.使用关系代词要注意的问题:
(1)用that而不用 which的情况:
①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, a few, much, a little等;
②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰;
③先行词有the only, the very, 等词修饰;
④先行词既有人又有物时;
⑤若前面有疑问词which,为了避免重复,关系代词用that。
※the way做先行词,关系代词有三种情况:①that; ②in which; ③省略不填。
e.g. The way that/ in which/不填 he talks to his parents is very impolite.
(2)用which而不用 that的情况:
①引导非限制性定语从句,只用which指物;
②引导非限制性定语从句时代表整个主句的意思;
③介词 + 关系代词,只用which指物;
④先行词本身是that,关系代词用which.
(3)关系代词做主语时,定语从句中的主谓一致:
①从句谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
②“one of +the+复数名词”做先行词,若one前面有限定词(the/the+adj/only…+one),从句谓语与one保持一致,用单数;如果one前面没有限定词(the/the+adj),那么从句谓语动词用复数。
4.关系词whose的用法:
the + 名词+of + whom (which) 的结构= of + whom (which) + the + 名词的结构= whose + 名词。下面三句意思相同,例如:
门开着的那个房间是我的。
The room is mine. Its door is open.
(1)The room whose door is open is mine.
(2)The room the door of which is open is mine.
(3)The room of which the door is open is mine.
分析:这里的关系词whose前面的先行词room和它后面的名词door是所属关系,即:那个房间的门。
5.解题技巧:
定语从句口诀:三步走(一断二找三放)
(1)一断出定语从句;
(2)二找先行词(先行词一般是名词和代词)
(3)三把先行词放入定语从句中,看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分是什么,或需要搭配什么介词。
This is the house which we bought last month.
They have invited me