牛津沪教版英语八年级上完形填空专题讲义
八年级上完形填空练习 一、完型填空的解题总则 文章首句要重视，全篇理解有启示。 记叙体裁为主体，通读全文明意旨。 填空多是实意词，四个选项巧设计， 词类范畴必同一。确定最佳靠逻辑， 字里行间找信息。个别填空借常识， 相近词义细辨析，习惯用法靠记忆， 复读反思再核实。 ★完型填空SECTION 解题原则 ▲完形填空如何入手？ 1.做题前先花30-45秒预览文章，大致了解文章的体裁（记叙、议论或者……）、文章内容、几个段落、是否有小标题和项目符号（这个往往是该段的主题句）。 2.做题时，首句和小标题重点读，充分体会文章论证结构，灵活使用技巧（例子与例子的关系，例子与中心句的关系，平行关系等），注意逻辑对应，指代清晰。 ★特别提醒，绝对避免见空填空，（即看到一个空格，直接看选项进行选择），这样很危险，失误率会大大增加。再次强调，完形填空强调单词、短语在语境（句子层面，段落层面，篇章层面）的应用。请填第一格词，务必读到第二格，很多时候两格之间出题者往往给了很多暗示和线索。依次类推，填第二格请务必读到第三格。 如第一格在第二段，也请认真读完第一段，切莫跳过，因为前文可能在给全文或者该段足够的背景叙述。同理，如最后一格后还有句子或者段落，请务必读完。 3.完成题后，请重读该文1-2遍，确保单词在该句语法，语义，语境都合适。 ▲非常强调逻辑对应： 1．首句必重点读 首句很多情况是Topic sentence (主题句)，告诉你文章的背景和主旨。首句一般不设空，如果首句设空，请重点读后面的例子，例子里面会提供线索。现在很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。 EG1：（11长宁）These days, it is ______ for children as young as Sammy to be so good at computers. Many Children use computers at home or at school and some schools even have their own websites. A. hard B. unusual C. common D. dangerous 如果学生分析这四个词用法，那就和这道考题背道而驰了，首句设空，我们重点读后面的那句话“很多孩子在家里，学校使用电脑，甚至一些学校有他们自己的网站”，说明对电脑的使用是持肯定意见的，选项Ｃ为正确答案，A、B 、D 都为否定意见，故不选。 EG2：(13长宁) If you have no mobile phone, no computer, and no Internet with you, what will you do with your free time? Will you go ____80____? |
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A. enjoyable B. interesting C. crazy D. busy 2．例子之间关系 例子联合起来都是去证明本文中心的，但例子与例子有时候会有正反对比或者是平行关系。 （12虹口）In most menageries, animals were kept in small dirty cages. However, in modern zoos, animals are kept in habitats(栖息地) that look like 81 areas. 81. A) native B) narrow C) natural D) national 3．最佳适用原则 举个这例子，如果这样出题。这位男士很______，每次和女生一起出去逛街的时候都会为女生拉开商场大门，直到身边所有的女生都通过。假设选项如下A good B nice C gentle D handsome 你会如何选？很多学生会选good, 觉得good是万能词，但这里错了，完形填空一定要基于语境，选择一个最适合，最具体，不是最宽泛的词语。因而C gentle 很绅士是最佳答案。 （12虹口）People who 85 animal rights don’t like the display of animals in zoos. But other people feel that zoos care for and protect the animals. They feel that this is why many exotic species are still alive today. 85. A) play a trick on B) get tired of C) pay attention to D) go on with 4．场景匹配原则 (2011长宁一模)Sammy Liu, a six-year-old boy from Kowloon, has become a hero recently . One day he used the family’s ________ to stop a robbery. A．radio B．computer C．recorder D．telephone 后文都在说关于电脑使用，这里选择A C D显然不合适，文章里根本就没有提到收音机，录音机和电话，虽然电话也能用来报警，但是一定要基于原文的场景。 5. 平行并列原则 完形填空文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开，每个段落有的时候发展模式都是差不多的，前面提到如果首句设空，除了关注到后面的例子，还不妨可以关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的如果某段末句设空不妨也可以关注一下下面一段的末句。例如有一篇文章是讨论积极态度给生活、工作、健康带来的好处，其中第二段末句这么写：with an active _______, you can overcome all the difficulties. 需要我们填空。在第三段末句出现了with an active attitude , you can be healthy. 如果学生在阅读的时候关注到这句，使用了“平行原则”，自然就能填出attitude .
二、完型填空的解题方法： 方法１．充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。 例１．The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. ２１springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 22 areas like the desert. 21．A．Using B．Holding C．Owning D．Finding 22．A．dry B．distant C．deserted D．wild 例２．The 33 water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 34 than from the below. 33．A．correct B．further C．average D．early |
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34．A．clouds B．sky C．air D．above 例３．In 1964 Shirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for _44_. She wanted to be _45_ and work full time. 44.A.information B.help C.a job D.an assistant 45.A.happy B.independent C.free D.confident 方法2. 注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 例１. He’d 36 his life brewing beer for local breweries only to make a living, 37 had his father and grandfather before him. 36．A. cost B. spent C. take D. paid 37．A. like B. as if C. so D. nor 例２. I called my beer Samuel Adams, 51 the brewer and patriot（爱国者）who helped to start the Boston Tea party. 51 A. for B. at C. in D. after 例３．He didn’t hear the bell for he was completely in reading the newspaper. A. interested B centered C addicted D absorbed 方法3. 注意同义词的辨义 例1. Her face was familiar to me, but I could not 8. r_______ where and how I had seen her. （remember） 例2. All at once I 10. r_______ where I had seen her. (realized) 例3. Then I explained that I had 13. r________ her from the photo I found in the purse. (recognized) 方法４.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词 1) And video cameras can be used to ______ people's actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch 2) The watch, which Mrs Smith had ______ on the table as she started her lecture, disappeared. A. seen B. dropped C. found D. laid 3) When the papers were ______ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test. A. collected B. completed C. marked D. answered 方法5. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项 例1.The explorers found that the island had good soil 37 the 200 natives living there survived with little food. 37. A. and B. but C. however D. still 例2.Her father had 36 her two things. One was not to pull her out of the water 37 she asked. 36．A. given B. refused C. allowed D. promised 37．A. as B. unless C. even if D. when 例3. So, at 24 I decided to drop out. 42 , my parents didn’t think this was a great idea. 42．A. Fortunately B. Obviously C. Possibly D. Properly 方法6. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项 例1.in 1967 she was asked to work at Gallaudet University as a dorm supervisor(宿舍监管员). Shirley supervised young women who _47_ in the university during the school year. 47. A. worked B. studied C. lived D. played
方法7 . 根据作者的态度，观点，情绪来确定相关选项 例１．Life is very 55 , so don’t rush to make decisions. Life doesn’t let you plan. 55．A. hard B. busy C. short D. long 例2．This is 39 the most important character of creative people is a very strong 40 to find a way out of trouble. 39．A．why B．for C．how D．because 40．A．desire B．inspire C．influence D．attitude 完型填空专项练习 1 If you have no mobile phone, no computer, and no Internet with you, what will you do with your free time? Will you |
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