牛津沪教版英语八年级上宾语从句专题
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八年级上宾语从句专题 Part 1 知识点讲解： 一、宾语从句的定义 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。 批注：中考主要考察及物动词后的宾语，这个作为重点讲解及练习的对象。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. (动词后) She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.(动词后) I am sure (that) he will succeed. （形容词后） I am interested in what he told us .(介词后) It depends on whether it will rain tomorrow. (介词后)
二、宾语从句分类 根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。 That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he would read books at home. She doesn’t know (that) he is from Shanghai. I am sorry (that) he failed the exam. 2. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。 If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 I want to know if (whether) he li He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 批注： if 有两个含义 “是否”以及 “如果” I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will tell you . If 和whether的区别： 在下列情况下只能用whether： ①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether如： Let me know whether he will come or not．让我知道他是否能来。 I don't know whether he does any washing or not．我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 I wonder whether we stay or whether we go．我不知道我们是去还是留。 ②在介词之后用whether。如： I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。 ③在不定式前用whether。如： He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。 He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
3. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 批注： 以上先让学生大体上感知宾语从句的类型，明白意思即可，后面会有逐条详细解释和练习 注意： if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果， |
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假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如： —Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？ —Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。 —I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。 —He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。
三、用法详解 1、宾语从句的语序: 陈述句的语序 例如： I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting. I don’t know whether he will come tomorrow. 批注：跟学生讲清楚什么陈述语序，结合各个例子讲解 典型例题精讲: 14. — Excuse me. Could you tell me ? — It will leave at 4:00 p.m. A. how will you go Shanghai B. how you will go to Shanghai C. when will the bus leave for Shanghai D. When the bus will leave for Shanghai 答案：D考查宾语从句。从答句知问的应该是时间，排除A和B .又因为宾语从句必须用陈述语序，故选D。 批注：学生容易把 could 当做过去式，从而使后面的宾语从句的时态受影响 35. - Can I join you？ - Sure, we are talking about _____. A. when shall we go to the movie B. how can we go there C. who should we go with D. why we like the movie 答案： D 【解析】 考查了宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序，故排除A、B、C。选D。 48. —Could you tell me _________? — You can take No. 16 bus. A. how can we get to the Olympic Park B. how we can get to the Olympic Park C. how did we get to the Olympic Park D. how we got to the Olympic Park 答案：B 【解析】宾语从句。特殊疑问句做宾语从句时，用陈述语序；可排除A、C；根据答语可知问句用一般现在时，可排除D；故B为正确答案。
注意下面的特殊类型： I don’t know what is wrong with her. Do you know who is the best at maths in your class? 批注： 句中 what 和 who 都是宾语从句的主语，所以疑问词后紧跟be 动词 基础练习： 1 Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2009. A. where does she live B. Where she lives |
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C. where did she live D. where she lived 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。 2.Woul A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。
3.I don’t know when __________. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。
2、宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的 如： I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
典型例题精讲 15. – Do you know _____ this time yesterday? -- Sorry, I don’t know. A. what she is doing B. what was she doing C. what she was doing 答案：C 【解析】宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语态。故排除B。由时间状语yesterday可判断为过去时态，故排除A。正确答案是C。
36. The woman asked the policeman where_______. A. the post office is B. the post office was C. is the post office D. was the post office 【解析】宾语从句用陈述语序，排除 C，D 。主句用 asked 过去时，所以从句应该选B
25. Can you tell me ______ after this exam ? A. what you did B. what did you do C. what will you do D. what you will do 【解析】从句末的时间 after this exam 推断出 用一般将来时，然后用陈述语序的，只有 D答案 |
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