牛津沪教版英语八年级上阅读之首字母填空练习讲义

八年级上首字母解题技巧

首字母填空解题技巧：

1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。

2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。

A.) 利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义. 首字母和汉语既是提示又是限制。必须注意词形的变化，包括名词的单复数、动词的时态、形容词和副词的比较级（最高级）等。

B.)再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。

3.通读短文，检查答案。

具体做题方法：

（一） 从词性考查角度分析：

1. 名词：单复数形式,   所有格的用法

1. September 10th is  Teachers’ Day.

2.In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen leaves.

2. 动词：时态   语态的变化

3.We could not run faster than cheetahs ,  so we _invented__(发明)cars and now we can move the fastest

4.When you laugh ,you will open___ your mouth and your teeth.

3. 形容词、副词：比较等级的用法

5. Last Sunday，we played h_appily_____ in the park, though we were very tired.

6.Summer is the hottest season of the year.

4. 代词：单复数  人称代词 反身代词 指示代词 关系代词 不定代词 等的用法

7. Help yourself to some fish，Jim.

8. Mrs Green said to the twins .“Help yourselves to some fish please. ”

9.This book belongs to Mary. It is hers.

5. 连词：并列与从属连词的用法

10.For years, we played other people’s songs, but now we play mostly our own songs.

11.  She didn’t go to school yesterday ，because she was ill.

（二） 从句子成分角度分析

句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语等。

 (1)对主语的判断

1. T _______ are helpful to students. They always try their best to help their students.

2. Tom is of great importance for Amy. So h______ is more important to Amy than money.

3. Some famous s_______ are going to give lectures in our university in August. We are glad to know more about science.

4. F _______ is my favorite sport. It shows the spirit of team work.

5. C_______ stamps is my hobby.

分析：主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词。此外，形容词前加the也可作主语。

eg: The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。

(2) 对谓语的判断

     John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c________ over to him. “My boy,” she a_____ , “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_______ John. The woman b________ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_____ back to John and s______ angrily, “Didn’t you s______ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_______ my house.”

分析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或两个以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。

    谓语动词要考虑时态与语态。

时态:

1. 一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式

2. 一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式

3.  现在进行时,考虑动词的现在分词形式

4. 现在完成时：要考虑动词的过去分词的形式（与动词的过去式的规则变化相同，不规则的要单独记忆）

(3) 对宾语的判断

1.  Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast d________ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city.

2.  The front is in great need of medical w_____.because there are so many injured soldiers.

3.  Thank you for your k_______. Without your help,I will not work out the problem.

4.   At last he sold his i______. He has invented it for a long time.

分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性和主语的词性一样，主要为名词或代词，但是如果代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。

(4) 对表语的判断

1. It is i______ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.

2.The sick man is getting w______.Maybe he will die soon.

3.  Patrick is going to be a(n) mechanical e______ when he grows up. He thinks mechine is full of charming

4.  Such cold weather is quite u_____ in May and people have to wear warm clothes again.

5.  It’s a p______ to have a picnic with all the members.

分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。

(5) 对定语的判断

1. The f_______ exams usually take place at the end of June.

2.  On a c_____ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky.

3.  In f______ weather, the old had better stay at home.

4.  The French artist said, “It is my f_____ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much and I hope that I will have the chance come back again.

5.  Most people don’t like s________ food.but I think it’s delicious.

6.  Who is your C________ teacher?

分析:定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stamp show / physics teacher。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。

(6) 对状语的判断

1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so e______.She remembered it was hard.

2.  Watch c______, and you will find the difference between the two pictures.

3.   After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed s______ at last.

分析：状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件和伴随情况

的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。

(7) 对连词的判断

1. Work harder, a__________ you’ll make great progress in English.

2. My job is to protect the innocent as well a______find the guilty.

3. E_________ you o__________ he can go to the cinema, but you cannot go together because I have only one ticket.

4. I’ll give you a call as soon a_______ I get to Japan.

分析：在英语中, 并列连词and, but, or, so , not only…but also, either …or, neither…nor, as well as, both… and等连接并列的词,词组和句子; 而从属连词则连接主句与从句。

（一）和（二） 综合运用：

结合词性和充当句子成分综合分析，对词性、词义、词形综合运用

     Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_______ the school soon. The s_______ in his class have given h______ a lot of p_______. Among t______ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m______ by the students themselves.

     Photos will h_____ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_________ when he was with his students. Next week, t________ will have a p_______ to s ______ goodbye to him.

（三） 其他做题思路：

（1） 依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如…W           his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much. 从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”， with his help.

（2） 依据语法知识进行填词：如…It was a l            earlier. 从句中的earlier可以看出它是比较级，我们应该会想到修饰形容词比较级有哪些词，前面有a,那肯定就是little.

（3） 依据常识的积累进行填词：如…But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S          .” Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S          .”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.

（4）依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如： One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friend’s house happily. He wanted to p          his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. 根据句意，Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.

课堂练习：

(一)