牛津沪教版英语八年级上动词不定式及其用法

教学过程

八年级上动词不定式及其用法

1.动词不定式的基本概念：

动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能做谓语，但可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式跟它的宾语和状语构成了不定式短语，例如：to read the book, to speak at the meeting等。

2.动词不定式的用法：

动词不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的特性，因此可在句中作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语和定语。

句子用法：

作主语： eg:1)To take part in sports is important.

            2)To see is to believe.

动词不定式做主语时常常由it来代替它，做形式主语，而动词不定式放在句末。

eg:  It’s great to see you again.

   It is important to learn English well.

   It was rewarding to take part in this exchange programme

   It will take us a month to go on study trip to New York.

   It is necessary for governments to control the population growth.

做表语：eg：The best way is to pratice.

            My dream is either to be a diplomat or to be a teacher of English .

            A popular use of the computer is to send a e-mail.

            Her wish is to become a famous star.

            The best way is to read the play before you see it.

做宾语：eg: We are talking about how to solve the problem.

           I think it not difficult to keep reading English every morning.

做宾补：eg: We all expect him to win the contest.

         Our teacher told us to listen carefully in class.

         注意：感官动词，或使役动词+宾语+无to的不定式

         Is Jack in the library ?

         Maybe I saw him go out with some books just now.

         Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.

做定语：Liu Yang is the Chinese woman astronaut to enter the space.

        You are the last one to win the price.

         In the future , human will have less work to do.

         Why don’t you go out to play Rose?

         I’m afraid I can’t . I have a lot of homework to do.

做状语：动词不定式做状语可以修饰动词，一般在句中做原因，目的和结果状语，动词不定式做状语可单独放在句首，句中或句末。做结果状语通常用在下列句式中：so …as to … such as to… enough to…

too…to…

 Do you feel energetic and ready to start a new day?

His wife was shocked to see how her neighbours treated their children.(原因状语)

In ancient China ,food was stored with ice to keep it fresh

To water the flowers , he used two baskets. (目的状语)

He returned home to find his friend Tom waiting for him.(结果状语)

中考链接：

1．All my classmates want _____ something for the 2008 Olympics．
　　A．d0    B．doing    C．to do    D．done
2．Please be quiet．We are not allowed _____ much noise in the reading room．
　　A．to make    B．make   C．making   D．to making
3． In winter people usually keep flowers in their houses to _____ them from the cold．
　　A．produce    B．provide    C．protect    D．plant
4． Let's stop _____．I know a good restaurant near here．
　　A．to have a meal    B．to have a rest
　　C．having a rest D．having a meal
5． Colours can change our moods and make us _____ happy or sad，energetic or sleepy．
　　A．to feel    B．feeling    C．felt D．feel
6． - How do you know that she likes singing?
　　- I often hear her _____ after class．
　　A．to sing    B．sang    C．sing D．sings
7．It's a good habit _____ breakfast every day．
　　A．had    B．have    C．has D．to have
8．There are some dangerous fishes in this river，and I've warned Jack _____ here．
 

　　A．not to swim    B．to not swim
　　C．swim not to D．to swim not
9． - will you please give some advice on _____ English at home．
　　- Well, do a lot of reading and listening to English program．
　　A．how to read    B．how to learn
　　C．when to use D．where to use
10． In the United States，you're not supposed _____ with your hands．
　　A．to eat    B．eating    C．eats D．ate
11． - Thank you for the great trouble you have taken _____ me with my English．
　　- Think nothing of it．
　　A．with helping    B．to help
　　C．in helping D．helping
12． Drivers are warned _____ when they are tired．
　　A．to drive    B．not drive    C．not to drive
13． - There goes the bell．
　　- It's time for class．Let's stop _____．
　　A．talk    B．to talk
　　C．talking D．not talk
14． - Mr Wang，I have trouble _____ the text．
　　- Remember _____ it three times at least．
　　A．to understand，reading    B．understanding；reading
　　C．understanding；to read D．to understand；to read
15． It took my daughter two weeks _____ the novels _____ by Yang Hongying．
　　A．read，written    B．to read，written
　　C．reading，to write D．to read，wrote
　　16．(2007·北京)I had a bad cold．The doctor asked me _____ in bed．
　　A．staying    B．to stay    C．stayed D．stays
17． - Do you often see William _____ on the playground?
　　- No．but he is often seen _____ Chinese Kongfu in the park．
　　A．run，play    B．run，to play
　　C．running，play D．running，to play
18． - Would you like to go swimming in the fiver with us?
　　- Sorry，1 won't. Our teacher often tells us _____ that．
　　A．not do    B．to do     C．not to do
19．- I didn't come to school because my mother was ill yesterday．
　　- I'm sorry _____ that．
　　A．hearing    B．hear    C．hears   D．to hear
20．Li Ming was too tired．So he _____ rest．
　　A．stops to have a    B．stopped to have a
　　C．stopped have D．stopped having a
21．- I'm sorry I _____ my exercise book at home．
　　- Don't forget _____ it to school tomorrow，please.
　　A．1eft，bringing    B．1eft，to bring
　　C．forgot，to bring D．1eft，to take
22．- we can use QQ to talk with each other online．
　　- Really? Could you please show me _____ it?
　　A．what to do    B．how to do
　　C．when to do D．why do