内容正文:
I.名词
给出的提示词是名词,要求用其适当形式填入空格。对名词的考查主要有:1. 变复数;2. 变成同根名
词;3. 变动词;4. 变形容词。其中名词变复数和名词变形容词是考查的重点。
1. 变复数
如果给出的提示词是可数名词,且所填空格在句子中作主语,宾语,则将名词变为复数填入空格(主要有两种情况:一是空格前没有限定词,冠词或物主代词;二是空格前有all, many, some, few, several, a lot of, lots of, one of, 大于1的数词,分数,百分数等词修饰)。
1. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ______ (67) (cause). (2018全国I)
答案:causes。解析:句意:写这一评论的作家中有两名作家做了一项研究,并于2014年发表,研究表明一天只跑5到10分钟,就能降低心脏病和早死的风险。cause意为“病因”,是可数名词,在此作介词from的宾语,且有all修饰,应用复数causes。
2. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017全国I)
答案:causes。解析:句意:作为抵御心脏病的一种方法而始于医学界的这种趋势,产生了诸如肥胖,心脏病等意外的副作用,而这正是医学界力图战胜的疾病。effect意为“作用”,是可数名词,在此作has had的宾语,且有some修饰,应用复数effects。
3. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017全国II)
答案:crowds。解析:句意:它运行不到7公里,却使人们上下班途中避免了路面上的拥堵。crowd意为“人群”,是可数名词,在此作avoid的宾语。因前面没有冠词,应用复数形式。
4. She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. (2017全国III)
答案:invitations。解析:句意:她拒绝了好几家名模表演的邀请。Invitation意为“请帖”,是可数名词,在此作has turned down的宾语,且有several修饰,应用复数。
5. The nursery team switches him every few __69__ ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum—she never suspects.(2016全国I)
答案:days。解析:句意:保育组每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹调换一下,以便一个在用奶瓶喂养,另一个和妈妈在一起,这一点她从来不怀疑。few后应接名词的复数形式。
6. Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016全国II)
答案:studies。解析:句意:最近一项研究表明,如果我们工作的时候有规律地休息一会,我们的工作效率会更高。study意为“研究”,在此作主语,谓语动词show是复数,所以主语应用复数。study的复数形式是studies。
7. I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the