内容正文:
2019年高考提升之语法考点讲解与真题分析
10 非谓语动词(原卷版)
一.非谓语动词的否定式,省略及其复合结构
1.非谓语动词的否定式都是在其前加not等否定词。
1. _______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. (2013四川)
A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known not
答案:A。解析:非谓语动词的否定式是在其前面加not,排除B,D;逻辑主语the girl与know是主动关系,故用现在分词。
2. __________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (2008全国)
A. Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
答案:C。解析:非谓语动词的否定式是在其前面加not,排除D;逻辑主语they与complete是主动关系,故用现在分词;complete的动作发生在have to stay之前,用于完成式。
3. The lawyer listened with full attention, ______ to miss any point. (2010四川)
A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try
答案:B。解析:非谓语动词作伴随状语,应用分词。根据句意,分词应用肯定式,不定式应用否定式。
2. 非谓语动词的省略主要考查的是不定式的省略。不定式的省略记住一个原则:省略不定式时,不定式的符号to要保留。
The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _________(2013全国I)
A . not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not
答案:B。解析:这里是不定式not to park his car near the roadside的省略,省略不定式时,不定式符合要保留。
3. 不定式的复合结构由“for/of sb. to do sth.”构成,该结构前的形容词说明人的特征时用,说明物的特征时用for;动名词的复合结构由“名词所有格(或物主代词)+动名词”构成,在口语中,尤其当名词指物时常用名词的普通格来代替所有格,用代词宾格来代替物主代词。
1. It’s standard practice for a company like this one ______ a security officer. (2014山东)
A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs
答案:C。解析:这里是不定式的复合结构,故用不定式。
2. Nothing is so easy as _____ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high. (2012福建)
A. of
B. to
C. by
D. for
答案:D。解析:这里是不定式的复合结构。不定式的复合结构由“for/of sb to do sth”,该结构前的形容词说明人的特征时用of,说明物的特征时用for。本题形容词easy修饰物,故介词用for。
3. I really can’t understand __________ her like that. (2010 安徽)
A. you treat
B. you to treat
C. why treat
D. you treating
答案:D。解析:这里是动名词的复合结构作宾语,用宾格代词you代替物主代词your。
4. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it __________. (2010湖南)
A. reusing
B. reused
C. reuses
D. to b