专题05 虚拟语气-2019年高考提升之英语语法考点讲解与真题分析（一）

2019年高考提升之语法考点讲解与真题分析 05 虚拟语气（原卷版） 虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设。高考对虚拟语气的考查主要在于条件句、含蓄条件句、名词性从句和其他一些从句中。考生应当熟悉使用虚拟语气的各种情况，并牢记不同情况下虚拟语气的动词形式。 一. 用于条件句 虚拟条件句可表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反，从句和主句谓语动词根据不同的时间，用不同的形式。 时间 条件从句 结果主句 现在 动词过去式 would/should/could/might + 动词原形 过去 had + 过去分词 would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词 将来 should/were to + 动词原形 would/should/could/might + 动词原形 1. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. （2018北京） A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven 答案：D。解析：由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。 2. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. （2017北京）A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put 答案：A。解析：由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。 3. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _______ me, I could have helped. （2016北京） A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell 答案：B。解析：由last week可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。 4. We ______ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. （ 2014北京） A. are B. were C. will be D. would be 答案：D。解析：由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故主句用“would+动词原形”。 5. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _____ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. (2012安徽) （将来） A．lives B．would live C．has lived D．were to live 答案：D。解析：由语境可知，从句表示与将来事实相反，故用“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”。故选D。 注意：有时主句和从句动作发生的时间不一致，这种从句称作交错条件句。主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据各自发生的时间来确定。常见的交错时间是：从句表示过去，主句表示现在。例如： 1．If we _______the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach. (2018天津) A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch 答案：A。解析：由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。 2. If we ______ a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. (2013北京) A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked 答案：D。解析：由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。 3. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ______ able to speak it much better now. (2013天津)