河北省涞水波峰中学初高中英语衔接导学案：4词性

波峰中学初高中英语衔接导学案 姓名_____班级______编制 吴贤 时间 编号 04 审核 赵晶晶 课题：词性（二） 一、课前预习单 【学习目标】 重点掌握形容词，副词的用法。. 【预习指导】 一． 形容词 1.结构特点 以-able,-al,-ful，-ic,-ish,-less,-ous,-y等后缀结尾的词,一般是形容词,如:changeable(多变的),medical(医学上的),careful(仔细的),atomic(原子的),foolish(愚蠢的),careless(粗心的),delicious(美味的),healthy(健康的),rainy(多雨的)等。 2.句法特点 大多数形容词都可以作定语;在be, look, seem等词之后作表语;可用very来修饰,有比较级和最高级形式.其中,在句中作定语或作表语是形容词最主要的特点. 如:Mary is very nice.玛丽很可爱.(作____语)Mary is a nice girl.玛丽是个可爱的女孩.(作____语) He was asleep.他睡着了.(作____语)She is a perfect teacher.她是位十全十美的老师.(作_____语) 3.形容词的用法 (1).用作定语 Li Mei is a beautiful city girl. The new student comes from Japan. (2).用作表语 My father's car is very expensive. 常见的后跟形容词作表语的动词: ①become, come, fall, get, go, grow, make, turn(表示"变成某种状态") ②continue, hold, keep, lie, remain, stay(表示"保持某种状态") ③appear, feel, look, smell, sound, taste, know(表示"感觉") 例如:He turned red when he heard the news.It's going to stay cold for some time. The beer tastes very delicious. (3).用作宾语补足语 Don't keep the door open. His success made him happy. (4)."the+形容词",表示一类人或事物,相当于名词,用作主语及宾语 The old often think of old things. The new always take the place of the old. (5).有时也可用作状语或补语 Please speak loud and clear. These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather, cold and hungry. (6).少数形容词只能作表语,不能作定语 这些形容词包括 ill, asleep, awake, alone ,alive ,well ,worth ,glad ,unable ,afraid等. (7).少数形容词只能作定语,不能作表语 这些形容词包括 little, live(活着的),elder, eldest 等. 二.副词 副词在句子里有四大作用： 1，修饰形容词 　The room is small but very quiet. 　　 2，修饰副词 　　He played this old man very well. 　 3，修饰动词 　 She appeared at the party but left quickly. 　 4，修饰整个句子 　　Fortunately, you have the power to change all that.　　 　　More importantly, we can share the information with all of you. 三.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 1．一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est； （1）单音节词 　　如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest  （2）双音节词 　　如：clever→cleverer→cleverest 　 2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st； 　　如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest 　　 3．在